Environmental Law Study Material

A collection of practice flashcards based on key concepts from Environmental Law lecture notes.

What does the term 'environment' generally refer to?

The totality of natural and social conditions in which human beings exist and develop.

According to UNESCO's 1981 Declaration, how is the environment understood?

As the whole range of natural systems and man-made systems around humans.

What is defined by Clause 1, Article 3 of the Law on Environmental Protection 2014?

Environment as a system of natural and man-made factors impacting humans and organisms.

Why is the environment important for humans and living organisms?

It provides essential resources like air, water, and food necessary for survival and development.

Which entities conduct state environmental inspections in Vietnam?

Agencies under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and other specialized ministries.

What is the concept of waste according to the Law on Environmental Protection 2020?

Waste is solid, liquid, gaseous or other matter discharged from production, business, services or other activities.

What principle states that the polluter must pay for environmental damage?

The Polluter Pays Principle, which requires those who produce pollution to bear the costs of managing it.

What is the purpose of the Basel Convention?

To control transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.

What does the Kyoto Protocol aim to achieve?

To require developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change.

What are the three main categories of cultural heritage according to Vietnamese law?

Intangible cultural heritage, tangible cultural heritage, and natural heritage.

What is the aim of the Convention on Biological Diversity?

To ensure the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits.

What does EIA stand for, and what is its purpose?

Environmental Impact Assessment; it analyzes and predicts the environmental impacts of planned projects.

What are the penalties for violating environmental protection laws in Vietnam?

Disciplinary measures, administrative sanctions, and criminal liability depending on the severity of the violation.

What is the significance of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development?

It recognized basic human rights regarding the environment and established principles for sustainable development.

What is meant by 'sustainable development' in environmental law?

Balancing economic development with environmental sustainability and the needs of future generations.

What does the term 'environment' generally refer to?

The totality of natural and social conditions in which human beings exist and develop.

According to UNESCO's 1981 Declaration, how is the environment understood?

As the whole range of natural systems and man-made systems around humans.

What is defined by Clause 1, Article 3 of the Law on Environmental Protection 2014?

Environment as a system of natural and man-made factors impacting humans and organisms.

Why is the environment important for humans and living organisms?

It provides essential resources like air, water, and food necessary for survival and development.

Which entities conduct state environmental inspections in Vietnam?

Agencies under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and other specialized ministries.

What is the concept of waste according to the Law on Environmental Protection 2020?

Waste is solid, liquid, gaseous or other matter discharged from production, business, services or other activities.

What principle states that the polluter must pay for environmental damage?

The Polluter Pays Principle, which requires those who produce pollution to bear the costs of managing it.

What is the purpose of the Basel Convention?

To control transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.

What does the Kyoto Protocol aim to achieve?

To require developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change.

What are the three main categories of cultural heritage according to Vietnamese law?

Intangible cultural heritage, tangible cultural heritage, and natural heritage.

What is the aim of the Convention on Biological Diversity?

To ensure the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits.

What does EIA stand for, and what is its purpose?

Environmental Impact Assessment; it analyzes and predicts the environmental impacts of planned projects.

What are the penalties for violating environmental protection laws in Vietnam?

Disciplinary measures, administrative sanctions, and criminal liability depending on the severity of the violation.

What is the significance of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development?

It recognized basic human rights regarding the environment and established principles for sustainable development.

What is meant by 'sustainable development' in environmental law?

Balancing economic development with environmental sustainability and the needs of future

According to the Polluter Pays Principle, who is responsible for the costs of managing pollution?

Those who produce the pollution.

What is the analytical focus of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

To analyze and predict the environmental impacts of planned projects.

Which three pillars are balanced in the definition of 'sustainable development' in environmental law?

Economic development, environmental sustainability, and the needs of future generations.

What two types of systems does UNESCO's 1981 Declaration state comprise the environment?

Natural systems and man-made systems.

According to the Law on Environmental Protection 2014, Clause 1, Article 3, besides humans, what other group of entities is affected by the environment?

Organisms.

What are the various physical states or forms in which waste can be discharged, as described by the Law on Environmental Protection 2020?

Solid, liquid, gaseous, or other matter.

In the context of the Kyoto Protocol, what specific type of emissions are developed countries required to reduce?

Greenhouse gas emissions.

Name the three main categories of cultural heritage recognized by Vietnamese law.

Intangible cultural heritage, tangible cultural heritage, and natural heritage.

What are the two main actions performed by an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) concerning planned projects' environmental effects?

It analyzes and predicts the environmental impacts.

What type of rights did the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development recognize for humans regarding their surroundings?

Basic human rights regarding the environment.

What specific types of resources does the environment provide that are crucial for survival and development?

Air, water, and food.