Chemistry - Periodic Trends: Properties & Characteristics of Metals, Metalloids, Nonmetals, and Families

Define luster

The way a material reflects light (shiny or dull)

Is luster a physical or chemical property?

physical

Define ductile

When a material can be stretched into a wire

Is ductile a physical or chemical property?

physical

Define malleable

When a metal can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets

Is malleability a physical or chemical property?

physical

Define brittle

If a material fractures or breaks easily (glass, silicon, chalk)

Is brittleness a physical or chemical property?

physical

Define conductive

Measure of how easy it is for electricity or heat to psas through a material

Is conductivity a physical or chemical property?

physical

Define insulator

When a material keeps energy from transferring through it

Is insulation a physical or chemical property?

physical

Define reactivity

The tendency for a substance to react (be in a compound)

Define flammability

The tendency for a substance to burn

Define corrosion

The ability for a substance to made a metal rust or burn through another substance

Define combustibility

The tendency for a substance to explode

Define toxicity

The tendency for a substance to be lethal to living organisms

Define oxidizer

The ability for a substance to burn in the absence of air

Is reactivity a physical or chemical property?

chemical

Is flammability a physical or chemical property?

chemical

Is corrosion a physical or chemical property?

chemical

Is combustibility a physical or chemical property?

chemical

Is toxicity a physical or chemical property?

chemical

Is oxidizer a physical or chemical property?

chemical

Do metals have high or low luster? (shiny or dull)

shiny (luster)

Are metals good conductors of heat and electricity?

yes

Do metals have high or low density?

high

Do metals have high or low melting points?

high

Are metals ductile?

yes (most)

Are metals malleable?

yes (most)

What state of matter are most nonmetals at room temperature?

gas

What state of matter are most metals at room temperature?

solid

T/F: nonmetals have the opposite properties of metals

true

Do nonmetals have high or low luster?

no luster

Do nonmetals conduct well?

no

Are nonmetals brittle?

no

Are nonmetals ductile?

no

Are nonmetals malleable?

no

Do nonmetals have a high or low density?

low density

Do nonmetals have a high or low melting point?

low

What state of matter are metalloids at room temperature?

solids

Do metalloids have luster?

can be shiny or dull

Are metalloids ductile?

yes

Are metalloids malleable?

yes

Do metalloids conduct heat and electricity?

better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals

Describe 4 characteristics of alkali metals

1. React violently to Oxygen and Water

2. Never found in nature as pure elements

3. Explosive when exposed to air, so they are stored in oil

4. Very soft-can be cut with a butter knife

Describe 2 characteristics of alkaline earth metals

1. Metals that react easily with Oxygen and Water

2. Often found in minerals instead of pure elements

Describe 3 characteristics of transition metals (and non-alkali/alkaline metals)

1. Relatively non-reactive, hard

2. Can often be found as pure elements

3. The metals that was typically associate with metallic properties

Describe 2 characteristics of lanthanides and actinides

1. Mostly radioactive

2. Rare- Earth metals

Describe 2 characteristics of nonmetals

1. Compose most organic life

2. Usually brittle solids or gasses

Describe 3 characteristics of halogens

1. very reactive nonmetals

2. most are gasses

3. all found as diatomic molecules when pure

Describe 2 characteristics of noble gasses

1. Inert gasses that generally do not react

2. Used in "neon" lights

Define diatomics

Elements that come in pairs when they are pure molecules