The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism. Lecture Notes

Flashcards of vocabulary from the lecture notes on The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism.

Oliver Hazard Perry

American naval officer who captured a British fleet on Lake Erie.

Thomas Macdonough

Saved the union from possible dissolution by stopping British from sending supplies to destroy New York.

Francis Scott Key

Inspired to write the Star Spangled Banner after watching the bombardment of Fort McHenry.

Andrew Jackson

Became a national hero for his victory in the Battle of New Orleans.

Treaty of Ghent

Signed at Ghent in Belgium two weeks before the Battle of New Orleans, it was an armistice. Both sides agreed to stop fighting and restore conquered territory.

Tsar Alexander I

Proposed mediation between England and America which led to American Peacemakers going to Ghent.

Hartford Convention

A convention at Hartford, Connecticut where states discussed their grievances and seek redress for their wrongs.

Rush-Bagot agreement

Agreement between England and U.S. limited naval armament on lakes.

Tariff of 1816

Industries needed protection so England tiered to kill off any industrialization with their below cost prices.

Henry Clay

Launched a plan- “The American System” which aimed to bring the country closer economically and politically.

James Monroe

The least distinguished of the first eight presidents, whose tour around the United States ushered in the Era of good Feelings.

The Panic of 1819

Economic panic started because of over speculation in the frontier lands followed by deflation, depression, bankruptcy, and unemployment. This ended the goodness of the feelings.

Land Act of 1820

Made people buy 80 acres at once at a minimum of $1.25 per acre and also got cheap transportation.

Tallmadge Amendment

The House of Representatives passed the Tallmadge Amendment which meant no more slaves should be brought into Missouri and granted gradual emancipation of the slave children.

Fletcher v. Peck

in 1810- Georgia legislature granted 35 million acres to private speculators then canceled it. The Supreme Court ruled that the grant was a contract and the constitution forbade states to impair contracts this law helped protect property rights.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Dartmouth had a charter from King George III but New Hampshire wanted to change it. Marshall ruled that the charter must stand because it was a contract.

John Marshall

Chief Justice who dominated the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court was the one who decided if agreements/laws were constitutional.

Missouri Compromise

Congress agreed to admit Missouri as a slave state but at the same time to separate part of Massachusetts and add Maine as a state. Missouri could keep their slaves but no more was permitted in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase.

McCulloch Vs. Maryland

Maryland wanted to tax banks but Marshall wouldn’t permit it. His ruling showed that he followed the loose interpretation of the constitution.

Cohen’s Vs. Virginia

Virginia found the Cohen brothers to be illegally selling lottery tickets, Virginia won the case.

Gibbons Vs. Ogden

New York gave a monopoly for easier trading. Marshall said that states couldn’t control or govern interstate commerce.

John Quincy Adams

One of the greatest secretaries of state, Monroe teamed up with.

Adams-Onis Treaty

The US got Spanish Florida and some of Oregon in exchange that the US give up claims to Texas to the Spaniards. Also know as Florida Purchase treaty.

Monroe Doctrine

in 1823 was a stern warning to the European powers with two basic features- 1) noncolonization and 2) nonintervention.

Russo- American treaty of 1824

The Tsar decided to retreat even before Monroe’s message, Russo- American treaty of 1824 fixed the lines at 54 degrees 40’

Popular Sovereignty

Jacksonian Democracy champion of popular government.

Martin Van Buren

Regarded a two party system as essential to democratic government.

Jacksonian Democrats

Believed in white male equality and that Government should protect the individual and not interfere with economic activity, personal habits, or religion

Tarriff of Abomination

Several southern states adopted formal protest because the south was falling on hard times and felt that they got stuck with paying the bill.

Force Bill

authorized the president to use the army and navy to if necessary to collect tariffs.

Indian Removal Act

passed in 1830. It forced uprooting of the native tribes with a promise of a “permanently” white man free land.

Nicholas Biddle

President of the bank during Jackson's era.

Specie circular

passed; it required all public lands to be purchased with hard “metal” money. This contributed to the financial crash of 1837.

Panic of 1837

speculators were promoting western lands and doing business on shaky currency. Failure of wheat crops deepened distress.

Stephen Austin

went to talk to Santa Anna- the Mexican leader, but was put in jail Santa Anna started to raise an army to suppress the Texans.

Tariff of Abomination

Brandeded as the black Tariff or the Tariff of abominations, several southern states adopted formal protest; the south was falling on hard times and felt that they got stuck with paying the bill. The southerners were secretly anxious about federal interference with the institution of slavery

John Tyler

Took the presidency four weeks into President Harrion’s term because President Harrison died. People were upset because Tyler was a “Democrat in Whigs clothing

Whigs

More prosperous and liked natural harmony in society, they also favored internal improvements and were trying to mobilize as many voters for their cause.

Jackson Democrats

Glorified individual liberties, states rights and federal restraint trying to mobilize as many voters for their cause.

George Catlin

One of the first to advocate preservation of nature and the idea of national parks.

Nativist

Americans felt that the foreign people would outbreed, outvote, and overwhelm the native people.

Samuel Slater

Known as the father of the factory system in America. He escaped Britain with the plans for a machine memorized.

Eli Whitney

Built the cotton gin in 1793. It was 50 times more effective at picking out cotton and affected America as well as the rest of the world

Elias Howe

Invented a sewing machine in 1846

Lanchester Turnpike

Highly successful. It was made in the 1790’s and had a hard pavement highway of 62 miles.

The Erie canal

New York, under the leadership of Governor Dewitt Clinton, dug the Erie canal, aka “Clinton's Big Ditch was dug

John Deere

Invented a steel plow

Cyrus McCormick

Invented a mechanical reaper that let one man do the work of five

The Second Great Awakening

It converted people, shattered/reorganized churches, and encouraged evangelicalism, prison reform, women’s movements, and a crusade to abolish slavery.

Peter Cartwright

A well known traveling frontier preacher and converted thousands to Christianity.

Charles Grandison Finney

Was the greatest revival preacher during the Second Great Awakening.

Joseph Smith

Reported having received golden plates from an angel and when deciphered they constituted the book of Mormon and this launched the Church of Latter-day Saints (Mormons).

Horace Mann

campaigned for reform- better school houses, longer school years, more curriculum, and higher teacher pay in 1925-1850

Dorthea Dix

Helped people understand that the people were mentally ill and not doing it on purpose.

Neal S. Dow

“the father of prohibition”

Seneca Falls Convention

Feminists met in 1848 for the Women’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls in New York, they rewrote the Constitution to include women and managed to launch the Women’s Rights Movement.

Edgar Allen Poe

Had a miserable life, but was a gifted lyric poet and excelled in the short story. He showed lots of gothic, morbid-ness in his writings.

Key Terms (Sectionalism)

A section of land with key terms

Key People to Know

Key leaders

American Temperance Society

A reform organization that sought to convince Americans to abstain from alcohol consumption.

New Harmony

A communal society of about 1,000 people founded in 1825 by Robert Owen.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Known for being nonconformists, poets and essayists.

Harriet Tubman

A significant conductor on the underground rail road, bringing slaves to freedome

The Underground Railroad

Network of antislavery sympathizers that illegally moved enslaved people to freedom in the northern United States and Canada during the 19th century.