Lab 1: Orientation to the Body & Microscopy Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering body orientation, anatomical planes, human organ systems, abdominopelvic divisions, serous membranes, and compound light microscope basics based on Lab 1 material.

Anatomical Position

The standard anatomical reference position where the human body is erect, feet are about shoulder width apart, head and toes are pointed forward, and arms hang at the sides with palms facing forward.

Body Planes Diagram

A visual model illustrating the three principal planes passing through the body: Sagittal plane (red), Coronal plane (blue), and Transverse plane (green).

Midsagittal Plane

A vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the body that divides it into equal right and left halves.

Coronal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

Transverse Plane

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

Integumentary System

An organ system that provides protection, prevents water loss and gain, synthesizes vitamin D, releases secretions, regulates body temperature, and houses sensory receptors.

Skeletal System

An organ system that provides support and protection, serves as the site of hematopoiesis (blood cell production), stores calcium and phosphorus, and provides sites for ligament and muscle attachments.

Muscular System

An organ system that produces body movement and generates heat when muscles contract.

Nervous System

A regulatory body system that responds to sensory stimuli, controls muscles and some glands, and is responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory.

Cardiovascular System

An organ system consisting of the heart and blood vessels that pumps and moves blood to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases, and pick up waste products.

Endocrine System

An organ system consisting of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones to regulate development, growth, metabolism, maintain homeostasis of blood composition/volume, control digestive processes, and control reproductive functions.

Lymphatic System

An organ system that transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid collected in and transported through lymph vessels) and participates in immune responses.

Respiratory System

An organ system responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs.

Urinary System

An organ system that filters the blood to remove waste products and biologically active molecules, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body.

Digestive System

An organ system that mechanically and chemically digests food, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.

Male Reproductive System

An organ system that produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (e.g., testosterone), and transfers sperm to the female.

Female Reproductive System

An organ system that produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones (e.g., estrogen, progesterone), receives sperm, serves as site of fertilization and fetus development, and produces breast milk.

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

The four grid divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity: Right upper quadrant (RUQ), Left upper quadrant (LUQ), Right lower quadrant (RLQ), and Left lower quadrant (LLQ).

Abdominopelvic Regions

The nine distinct regions of the abdominopelvic cavity: Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac, Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lumbar, Right iliac, Hypogastric, and Left iliac.

Compound Light Microscope

An optical device featuring structural and optical components such as ocular lenses (eyepieces), objective lenses, stage, condenser, iris diaphragm lever, coarse and fine focus adjustment knobs, and a substage light source.

Total Magnification

The total enlargement of a specimen view under a microscope, calculated as $\text{Ocular lens (10X)} \times \text{Objective lens}$.

Working Distance

The distance between the bottom of the objective lens and the top surface of the slide stage or specimen.

Parietal Membrane vs. Visceral Membrane

Parietal membranes line the inner walls of body cavities, whereas visceral membranes cover the outer surfaces of organs located within those cavities.