Functionalism and Crime

These flashcards cover key concepts of functionalism and the role of crime within society as discussed in the lecture notes.

What is functionalism in sociology?

A theory that sees society based on value consensus, where most people share a common culture, norms, values, beliefs, and goals that create solidarity and stability.

Why is it called functionalism?

It explains how society works (functions), comparing society to a body where norms, values, and beliefs are like vital organs that work together.

How is stability achieved in society according to functionalism?

Through socialization, where individuals internalize shared culture and norms, and social control, which involves rewards and punishments for behavior.

What did Emile Durkheim argue about crime?

He argued crime is inevitable due to unequal socialization and the complexity of modern societies, leading to normlessness (anomie).

How can crime be positive for society?

Durkheim believed crime strengthens society by reaffirming shared rules through punishment, which encourages conformity and unites the majority in condemnation.

What is meant by Boundary Maintenance?

The process by which the punishment of criminals reaffirms society's shared rules and promotes conformity.

What role does media play in relation to crime according to Durkheim?

The media reports on crimes and punishments, providing public dramatization which reinforces societal norms.

Why must a successful society permit some deviance?

To allow for change and development, as improvements often begin as defiance of societal norms.

What are some other positive aspects of deviance?

Deviance can serve as a safety valve, releasing tension, and as a warning sign that parts of society are not functioning properly.

What are criticisms of Durkheim's view on crime?

Critics argue that crime can be harmful to victims and that it does not always unite society, as fear can lead to isolation.