Biochem review (Carbon atoms)

Why is Carbon a very diverse atom?

Because it can form single, double, and triple covalent bonds

What are isomers?

They are molecules that share the same molecular formula but have a different arrangement of the atoms

What are examples of isomers?

Glucose, fructose, and galactose all have C6H12O6

What are the six main element found in living things?

SPONCH

What is the main element of macromolecules?

Carbon (C)

What are the four macromolecules?

Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids

How many covalent bonds does carbon (C) need to fill its valence shell

4 covalent bonds

What can carbon atoms bond with to form covalent bonds?

Other Carbon atoms

other elements such as hydrogen and oxygen

When two carbon atoms form a covalent bond, each atom can share…

one electron to form a single bond

2 electrons to form a double bond

three electrons to form a triple bond

How many electrons does SPONCH need to fill their valence shell

S(2)

P(3)

O(2)

N(3)

C(4)

H(1)

Carbon atoms can bond to each other in different ways to form compounds, what are some of the shapes?

Shapes include Straight chain, branched chain, and ring compounds

What do the various carbon structures allow?

They allow for a wide variety of complex molecules, with hydrogen occurring most frequently, this diversity is important because it allows for the synthesis of large molecules (macromolecules)