AP History 7-10 Midterm Review

I am SOOOO cooked...

What were the Silk Roads?

Overland trade routes connecting East Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

What types of goods were traded on the Silk Roads?

Luxury goods such as silk, spices, and porcelain.

What religions spread along the Silk Roads?

Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity.

What was the Indian Ocean trade network?

Maritime trade routes connecting East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia.

What allowed Indian Ocean trade to flourish?

Predictable monsoon winds.

What kinds of goods were traded in the Indian Ocean?

Bulk goods like rice, timber, cotton, and spices.

What was Trans-Saharan trade?

Trade routes across the Sahara Desert connecting West Africa to North Africa.

What goods dominated Trans-Saharan trade?

Gold and salt.

What animal made Trans-Saharan trade possible?

Camels.

What was a caravanserai?

A roadside inn that provided shelter for merchants and traders.

What is cultural diffusion?

The spread of ideas, beliefs, and technologies between cultures.

How did trade affect cities?

Cities grew as commercial and cultural centers.

What disease spread along trade routes?

The Black Death (bubonic plague).

What were diasporic communities?

Merchant communities living abroad while maintaining their cultural identity.

What dynasty reunified China after a period of division?

The Sui Dynasty.

What major project was completed during the Sui Dynasty?

The Grand Canal.

What characterized the Tang Dynasty?

Territorial expansion and cultural prosperity.

What made the Song Dynasty significant?

Economic growth and technological innovation.

What was the Mandate of Heaven?

The belief that rulers were chosen by divine approval.

What was the civil service examination?

A test based on Confucian ideas used to select government officials.

Who were the scholar-gentry?

Educated elite officials who ran the Chinese government.

What belief system guided Chinese governance?

Confucianism.

What was Neo-Confucianism?

A revival of Confucianism incorporating Buddhist ideas.

What economic innovation replaced coins in China?

Paper money.

What Chinese invention improved navigation?

The compass.

What Chinese invention transformed warfare globally?

Gunpowder.

What was the tributary system?

A system where neighboring states paid tribute to China for trade and protection.

What is sinicization?

The spread of Chinese culture to neighboring regions.

Who was Zheng He?

A Ming Dynasty admiral who led voyages across the Indian Ocean.

Where did Islam originate?

The Arabian Peninsula.

Who was the founder of Islam?

The Prophet Muhammad.

What is the Quran?

The holy book of Islam.

What is the ummah?

The community of Muslim believers.

What is the Shahada?

The declaration of faith in Islam.

What is Salat?

The obligation to pray five times daily.

What is Zakat?

Required charitable giving in Islam.

What is Sawm?

Fasting during the month of Ramadan.

What is the Hajj?

The pilgrimage to Mecca.

What was the Umayyad Caliphate known for?

Rapid territorial expansion.

What was the Abbasid Caliphate known for?

Cultural and intellectual achievements.

What was the House of Wisdom?

A major center of learning in Baghdad.

What fields did Islamic scholars advance?

Mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and science.

What is Sharia law?

The Islamic legal system.

How did Islam spread effectively?

Through trade, conquest, and conversion.

What was the Byzantine Empire?

The eastern continuation of the Roman Empire.

What city was the center of the Byzantine Empire?

Constantinople.

What was the Justinian Code?

A written collection of Roman laws.

What branch of Christianity developed in Byzantium?

Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

What political system dominated medieval Europe?

Feudalism.

What was manorialism?

An economic system based on self-sufficient estates.

Who were serfs?

Peasants bound to the land.

What institution held major power in Western Europe?

The Catholic Church.

What caused the Great Schism of 1054?

Disagreements over church authority and doctrine.

What were the Crusades?

Religious wars between Christians and Muslims.

What was a long-term effect of the Crusades?

Increased cultural exchange between Europe and the Islamic world.