history ch 5 2

Started the Bengal Gazette (1780), the first English newspaper in India

James Augustus Hickey

First English newspaper in India started in 1780

Bengal Gazette

Governor-General who persecuted Hickey for criticising Company officials

Warren Hastings

Published the first Indian-owned newspaper, Bengal Gazette

Gangadhar Bhattacharya

Social and religious reformer who published Sambad Kaumudi in 1821

Raja Rammohun Roy

Newspaper published by Raja Rammohun Roy

Sambad Kaumudi

Newspaper started by Hindu orthodox groups to oppose Rammohun Roy's views

Samachar Chandrika

Persian newspaper published from 1822

Jam-i-Jahan Nama

Persian newspaper published from 1822

Shamsul Akhbar

Gujarati newspaper started in 1822

Bombay Samachar

Islamic seminary founded in 1867 that published thousands of fatwas

Deoband Seminary

Religious ruling explaining Islamic laws and practices

Fatwa

Religious text whose first printed edition appeared in Calcutta in 1810

Ramcharitmanas

Sixteenth-century poet and author of Ramcharitmanas

Tulsidas

Lucknow-based press that published many religious texts in vernacular languages

Naval Kishore Press

Bombay-based press that published religious books in vernacular languages

Shri Venkateshwar Press

Literary form reflecting people's lives, emotions and experiences

Novel

Indian painter whose images were reproduced for mass circulation

Raja Ravi Varma

Exaggerated drawing used to comment on social or political issues

Caricature

Illustration used to criticise or comment on society and politics

Cartoon

First Bengali woman autobiographer who wrote Amar Jiban

Rassundari Debi

First full-length autobiography in Bengali

Amar Jiban

Bengali writer who highlighted the sufferings of women

Kailashbashini Debi

Social reformer who criticised the condition of upper-caste Hindu women

Tarabai Shinde

Reformer who wrote about the hardships faced by Hindu widows

Pandita Ramabai

Popular printing centre in Calcutta known for cheap books and literature

Battala

Social reformer who wrote Gulamgiri

Jyotiba Phule

Book exposing caste injustices published in 1871

Gulamgiri

Social reformer who fought against caste discrimination through his writings

B. R. Ambedkar

Social reformer who opposed caste oppression and social inequality

E. V. Ramasamy (Periyar)

Kanpur millworker who wrote Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal in 1938

Kashibaba

Book showing links between caste and class exploitation

Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal

Kanpur millworker and poet whose works were later published

Sudarshan Chakr

Collection of poems written by Sudarshan Chakr

Sacchi Kavitayan

British trading company that later controlled large parts of India

East India Company

Institution that introduced regulations to control press freedom in the 1820s

Calcutta Supreme Court

Governor-General who revised press laws in 1835

Lord William Bentinck

Colonial official who framed new press regulations restoring freedoms

Thomas Babington Macaulay

Major uprising after which British censorship became stricter

Revolt of 1857

Law passed in 1878 to censor Indian-language newspapers

Vernacular Press Act

Newspapers published in Indian languages

Vernacular Press

Nationalist leader and editor of Kesari

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Newspaper through which Tilak criticised British policies

Kesari

Introduced the printing press to India in the mid-sixteenth century

Portuguese Missionaries

Christian missionaries who printed books in Konkani and other Indian languages

Jesuit Priests

Place where the printing press was first introduced in India

Goa

Place where the first Tamil book was printed in 1579

Cochin

One of the first Indian languages in which books were printed

Konkani

Language in which the first printed book appeared in 1713

Malayalam

One of the earliest Indian languages to have printed books

Tamil

Printing method widely used for producing cheap religious texts

Lithographic Press

Sense of national unity created through newspapers and print culture

Pan-Indian Identity

Spread of printed books, newspapers and ideas transforming society

Print Culture

Newspapers that criticised colonial rule and promoted nationalism

Nationalist Newspapers

Open discussion of social, political and religious issues through print

Public Debate

Magazines discussing women's education, rights and social reforms

Women’s Journals

Libraries established to increase access to books from the early twentieth century

Public Libraries

Machine used for large-scale printing of books and newspapers

Printing Press

First Tamil book printed at Cochin in 1579

Catholic Priests

First Malayalam book printed in 1713

Catholic Priests

Printed 32 Tamil texts by 1710

Dutch Protestant Missionaries

Weekly magazine described as "a commercial paper open to all, but influenced by none"

Bengal Gazette

Published advertisements including slave trade notices

James Augustus Hickey

First printed edition of Ramcharitmanas published from

Calcutta (1810)

Urdu print helped conduct public religious debates among

Muslim sects and seminaries

Published fast-selling Istri Dharm Vichar

Ram Chaddha

Organisation publishing cheap booklets for women in Punjab

Khalsa Tract Society

Book teaching women to be obedient wives

Istri Dharm Vichar

she addressed the Bengal Women’s Education Conference

Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein

He was a doyen of modern Assamese literature.

Lakshminath Bezbaruah

publish a Newspaper in the Marathi Language with a view of affording useful information on every topic of local interest.

Krishnaji Trimbuck Ranade