Homeostasis Negative Feedback Loops

High Blood Sugar Regulation – Stimulus,

Increase in blood glucose

High Blood Sugar Regulation – Receptor

Pancreatic beta cells

High Blood Sugar Regulation – Control Center

Pancreas

High Blood Sugar Regulation – Effector,

Liver stores glucose as glycogen; body cells take up glucose

High Blood Sugar Regulation – Response,

Blood glucose decreases

Low Blood Sugar Regulation – Stimulus,

Decrease in blood glucose

Low Blood Sugar Regulation – Receptor,

Pancreatic alpha cells

Low Blood Sugar Regulation – Control Center,

Pancreas

Low Blood Sugar Regulation – Effector,

Liver breaks down glycogen to glucose

Low Blood Sugar Regulation – Response,

Blood glucose increases

Thermoregulation (High Temp) – Stimulus,

Increase in body temperature

Thermoregulation (High Temp) – Receptor,

Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus

Thermoregulation (High Temp) – Control Center,

Hypothalamus

Thermoregulation (High Temp) – Effector,

Sweat glands and vasodilation

Thermoregulation (High Temp) – Response,

Body temperature decreases

Thermoregulation (Low Temp) – Stimulus,

Decrease in body temperature

Thermoregulation (Low Temp) – Receptor,

Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus

Thermoregulation (Low Temp) – Control Center,

Hypothalamus

Thermoregulation (Low Temp) – Effector,

Shivering and vasoconstriction

Thermoregulation (Low Temp) – Response,

Body temperature increases

Osmoregulation (Dehydration) – Stimulus,

Increase in blood osmolarity

Osmoregulation (Dehydration) – Receptor,

Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus

Osmoregulation (Dehydration) – Control Center,

Hypothalamus & posterior pituitary

Osmoregulation (Dehydration) – Effector,

Kidneys reabsorb water; thirst triggers drinking

Osmoregulation (Dehydration) – Response,

Blood osmolarity decreases

Osmoregulation (Overhydration) – Stimulus,

Decrease in blood osmolarity

Osmoregulation (Overhydration) – Receptor,

Osmoreceptors

Osmoregulation (Overhydration) – Control Center,

Hypothalamus

Osmoregulation (Overhydration) – Effector,

Kidneys excrete excess water

Osmoregulation (Overhydration) – Response,

Blood osmolarity increases

Calcium Regulation (High) – Stimulus,

Increase in blood calcium (Ca²⁺)

Calcium Regulation (High) – Receptor,

Thyroid cells detect Ca²⁺

Calcium Regulation (High) – Control Center,

Thyroid gland (releases calcitonin)

Calcium Regulation (High) – Effector,

Bones store calcium; kidneys excrete calcium

Calcium Regulation (High) – Response,

Blood calcium decreases

Calcium Regulation (Low) – Stimulus,

Decrease in blood calcium (Ca²⁺)

Calcium Regulation (Low) – Receptor,

Parathyroid detects Ca²⁺ levels

Calcium Regulation (Low) – Control Center,

Parathyroid gland (releases PTH)

Calcium Regulation (Low) – Effector,

Bones release calcium; kidneys retain calcium; intestines absorb calcium

Calcium Regulation (Low) – Response,

Blood calcium increases

Blood Pressure Regulation (High) – Stimulus,

Increase in blood pressure

Blood Pressure Regulation (High) – Receptor,

Baroreceptors in arteries

Blood Pressure Regulation (High) – Control Center,

Medulla oblongata

Blood Pressure Regulation (High) – Effector,

Heart decreases rate; blood vessels dilate

Blood Pressure Regulation (High) – Response,

Blood pressure decreases

Blood Pressure Regulation (Low) – Stimulus,

Decrease in blood pressure

Blood Pressure Regulation (Low) – Receptor

Baroreceptors in arteries

Blood Pressure Regulation (Low) – Control Center,

Medulla oblongata

Blood Pressure Regulation (Low) – Effector,

Heart increases rate; blood vessels constrict

Blood Pressure Regulation (Low) –

Response, Blood pressure increases