HORT 201 Exam 1

Did vascular tissue enable plants to grow taller and transport nutrients?

true

Does horticulture have cultural value by preserving plant species?

true

Were the first land plants limited to moist environments?

true

Is pomology the study of ornamental plants?

false

Did Thomas Jefferson experiment with growing olive trees at Monticello?

true

Which plant innovation improved long-distance transport of water?

Xylem

The Roman Empire helped spread horticulture by:

Expanding horticultural practices across Europe and North Africa

Which adaptation allowed plants to grow taller?

Vascular tissue

Pomology is the study and cultivation of:

Fruits

According to the natural process theory, life originated through:

Chemical reactions in Earth's early environment

Indigenous American communities commonly practiced:

Intercropping and terracing

Which statement best summarizes modern horticulture?

It combines science, technology, business, and sustainability.

Jefferson experimented with introducing which crops?

Grapes, olives, and citrus

Which branch of horticulture focuses on grapes used for wine production?

Viticulture

Which reproductive innovation protected the embryo and stored nutrients?

Seeds

Did plants play a major role in transforming Earth's atmosphere by producing oxygen?

true

Was Cooksonia an early example of a vascular plant?

true

Were algae the ancestors of land plants?

true

Does horticulture have cultural value by preserving plant species?

true

Is horticulture only concerned with food crops?

false

The USDA was established in:

1862

During the Medieval Period, horticulture was closely associated with:

Medicinal plants and religious orders

Which group includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts?

Bryophytes

The edible seeds of pinyon pine are found inside:

Cones

One important innovation of the Industrial Revolution was:

Mechanization of agriculture

Cooksonia and Rhynia were among the first:

Vascular plants

Which plant group dominates most terrestrial ecosystems today?

Angiosperms

The Morrill Act led to the creation of:

Land-grant universities

Horticulture contributes to environmental sustainability by:

Supporting biodiversity and soil health

What was one advantage of seeds over spores?

They contain stored nutrients

Phloem tissue in stems moves water upward to the leaves.

false

The cell wall provides structural support and protection to plant cells.

true

The Casparian strip regulates water movement into the vascular tissue of roots.

true

Dicot leaves typically have vascular bundles arranged in parallel lines.

false

The pericycle in roots is responsible for the initiation of lateral roots.

true

The point on a stem where leaves are attached is called a:

Node

Most photosynthesis occurs in the:

Palisade mesophyll

The waxy outer covering of a leaf is the:

Cuticle

Which type of bud is located at the tip of a stem?

Terminal bud

The cortex mainly functions in:

Storage

The plasma membrane is:

Selectively permeable

Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?

Mitochondrion

The region between two nodes is called the:

Internode

An onion is an example of a:

Bulb

A horticulturist developing crops for drought-prone regions should select plants with:

Thick cuticles, trichomes, and reduced leaf area

The endodermis is the outermost layer of cells in the root that absorbs water directly from the soil.

false

The function of stomata is to control gas exchange and water loss in leaves.

true

Transpiration occurs only during the day.

false

Which specialized stem is commonly called a potato?

Tuber

Which tissue forms the outer protective layer of the root?

Epidermis

Which plant organ primarily supports leaves, flowers, and fruits?

Stem

Which production system especially benefits from understanding root nutrient uptake?

Hydroponics

Which is NOT a major plant organ?

Cortex

Olive leaves are adapted to drought because they have:

Thick cuticles and dense trichome

Why are stomata located mostly on the lower surface of olive leaves?

To reduce water loss while allowing gas exchange

The Casparian strip forces water to:

Pass through plasma membranes

Which organelle contains DNA?

Nucleus

Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants.

true

Root hairs are responsible for nutrient absorption in plant roots.

true

The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products in plant cells.

true

What is the basic unit of life in plants?

Cell

The large central vacuole primarily:

Stores water and maintains turgor pressure

Which compound is the main component of plant cell walls?

Cellulose

Ginger is an example of a:

Rhizome

Which root system is characteristic of dicots?

Taproot

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

Chlorophyll is found inside the:

chloroplast

Knowledge of root systems helps improve:

Drought resistance

Which tissue contains many air spaces for gas exchange?

Spongy mesophyll

Primary growth results from the activity of lateral meristems.

false

The terminal bud is located at the base of the plant and contributes to lateral growth.

false

Pruning encourages uniform bud break.

true

Thinning is a horticultural technique used to reduce fruit size.

false

Secondary growth in plants increases the plant's height.

false

Which structure protects the root apical meristem as it grows through soil?

Root cap

Which statement correctly compares primary and secondary growth?

Primary growth increases length, whereas secondary growth increases diameter

Which type of plant commonly enters dormancy each winter?

Perennials

Why are annual growth rings visible in many woody plants?

Secondary xylem is produced each growing season

Which tissue produces cork?

Cork cambium

Why is stigma receptivity important?

It allows pollen to germinate successfully

A warm winter results in insufficient chilling hours for peach trees. Which problem is most likely?

Delayed or uneven bud break

Which statement about buds is TRUE?

Mixed buds can produce both leaves and flowers

Fruit set depends on successful:

Pollination and fertilization

Which pollinator is most important for many horticultural crops?

Bees

The vascular cambium produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem during secondary growth.

true

Flowering is controlled by photoperiod, temperature, and plant age.

true

Petals are primarily responsible for attracting pollinators.

true

The ovary of a flower contains the ovules, which develop into seeds.

true

Which sequence correctly describes the reproductive development of a flowering plant?

Flowering → Pollination → Fertilization → Fruit development

Which environmental factor influences bud differentiation?

Photoperiod

Which tissue contains actively dividing cells that produce new plant tissues?

Meristematic tissue

Which plant is most likely to exhibit extensive secondary growth?

Pecan tree

Which stage follows initiation during bud differentiation?

Commitment

As fruits ripen, they often undergo:

Sugar accumulation

Which plant organ primarily provides support for leaves, flowers, and fruits?

Stem

Which event must occur before fertilization?

Pollination

Does horticulture contribute to the economy by creating jobs in agriculture, landscaping, and garden design?

true

Do all land plants rely on spores for reproduction?

false

The function of stomata is to control gas exchange and water loss in leaves.

true

In woody plants, secondary growth can produce annual growth rings visible in cross-sections of stems.

true