Section_22.2_grade_10___Autosaved_

Roots

The structures that anchor plants in the soil, absorb water and mineral nutrients.

Tap Root

A type of root where the first root becomes the largest, providing anchorage and storage, found in dicots.

Fibrous Root

Roots that develop numerous branches from the first root, typically found in monocots, facilitating rapid water transport.

Root Cap

A protective structure covering the tip of a root that aids root growth through soil.

Root Hairs

Extensions of epidermal cells that increase the surface area of roots for better absorption of water and minerals.

Cortex

The layer of plant tissue involved in transport and storage, located between the epidermis and vascular tissues of the root.

Endodermis

The inner boundary of the cortex, featuring a waterproof Casparian strip that regulates water and solute movement.

Xylem

Vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.

Phloem

Vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars and organic nutrients throughout the plant.

Cohesion-Tension Theory

Explains how water is transported from roots to leaves through cohesion among water molecules and adhesion to xylem walls.

Stolon

A type of stem that grows horizontally along the soil's surface, commonly seen in strawberries.

Rhizome

An underground horizontal stem primarily used for food storage, as seen in iris flowers.

Tuber

A swollen underground stem, such as a potato, used for food storage.

Leaf Venation

The arrangement of veins (vascular bundles) in a leaf, which can differ as parallel, pinnate, or palmate.

Stomata

Pores on the leaf surface that allow gas exchange, facilitating the diffusion of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen and water vapor.

Palisade Mesophyll

A layer of elongated cells below the upper epidermis where most photosynthesis occurs.

Spongy Mesophyll

Loosely packed cells beneath the palisade layer, containing air spaces for gas exchange.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy.

Bracts

Modified leaves, such as those of poinsettias, that can change color to attract pollinators.

Trichomes

Tiny hairs on leaves that contain substances to repel insects and deter herbivores.