Medical Terminology - Chapter 12

agles/o

sense of pain

astr/o

star

centr/o

center

cerebell/o

cerebellum

cerebr/o

cerebrum

clon/o

rapid contracting and relaxing

concuss/o

to shake violently

dur/o

dura mater

encephal/o

brain

esthesi/o

sensation, feeling

gli/o

glue

medull/o

medulla oblongata

mening/o, meningi/o

meninges

ment/o

mind

myel/o

spinal cord

neur/o

nerve

peripher/o

away from center

poli/o

gray matter

pont/o

pons

radicul/o

nerve root

thalam/o

thalamus

thec/o

sheath, meninges

tom/o

to cut

ton/o

tone

ventricul/o

ventricle

-paresis

weakness

-phasia

speech

-taxia

muscle coordination

Olfactory

sense of smell

Optic

sense of sight

Oculomotor

controls eye muscles and pupil of eye

Trochlear

controls superior oblique muscles of eye

Trigeminal

facial impulses and control of chewing muscles

Abducens

controls the eyeball muscle that turns the eye to the side

Facial

controls facial muscles for expression, salivation, and taste on anterior two thirds of tongue

Vestibulocochlear

responsible for equilibrium and hearing

Glossopharyngeal

carries sensory impulses from pharynx and taste on posterior third of tongue

Vagus

supplies abdominal and thoracic organs

Accessory

controls neck and shoulder muscles

Hypoglossal

controls tongue muscles

cephalic

pert to the head

cerebellar

pert to the cerebellum

cerebral

pert to cerebrum

cerebrospinal

pert to cerebrum and spine

cranial

pert to skull

encephalic

pert to brain

intracranial

pert to within skull

intrathecal

pert to inside meninges

medullary

pert to the medulla oblongata

meningeal

pert to the meninges

myelonic

pert to spinal cord

neural

pert to nerves

neuroglial

pert to glial cells

pontine

pert to pons

spinal

pert to the spine

subdural

pert to under dura mater

thalamic

pert to the thalamus

ventricular

pert to the ventricles

vertebral

pert to the vertebrae

anesthesiology

branch of medicine specializing in anesthesia for surgical procedures, resuscitation, and management of acute and chronic pain, anesthesiologist

neurology

diagnosis and treatment of diseases in nervous system, neurologist

neurosurgery

treatment of conditions and diseases of nervous system through surgical means, neurosurgeon

absence seizure

epileptic seizure characterized by loss of awareness and absence of activity; petit mal seizure

analgesia

absence of pain

anesthesia

lack of feeling or sensation

aphasia

inability to communicate verbally or writing due to damage to language centers in brain

ataxia

lack of muscle coordination

aura

sensations occurring prior to epileptic seizure or migraine; seeing colors or smelling odors

cephalalgia

HEADACHE

coma

state of profound unconsciousness

conscious

condition of being awake and aware of surroundings

convulsions

severe involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations

delirium

abnormal mental state of confusion, disorientation, and agitation

dementia

progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with activities of daily living

dysphasia

difficulty communicating verbally or writing

focal seizure

seizure in one limb or body part

hemiparesis

weakness on one side of the body

hemiplegia

paralysis on one side of body

hyperesthesia

abnormally heightened sense of feeling, pain, touch

monoparesis

muscle weakness in one limb

monoplegia

paralysis of one limb

neuralgia

nerve pain

palsy

temporary or permanent loss of ability to control movements

paraplegia

paralysis of lower portion of body

parasthesia

abnormal sensations such as burning or tingling

quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

seizure

sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms, epileptic seizure

semiconscious

state of aware of surroundings and responding to stimuli only a part of the time

syncope

fainting

tonic-clonic seizure

epileptic seizure w strong muscle spasms and loss of consciousness, grand mal seizure

tremor

involuntary repetitive alternating mvmts of body part

unconscious

state of being unaware of surroundings and unable to respond to stimuli

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

disorder characterized by dementia, progressive disorientation, apathy, and memory loss

anencephaly

congenital defect in which parts of the brain do not develop; fatal soon after birth

astrocytoma

tumor originating in star-shaped neuroglial cells called astrocytes

brain tumor

benign or malignant intracranial mass, dangerous bc it causes pressure

cerebellitis

inflammation of cerebellum

cerebral aneurysm

localized, abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, ruptured aneurysm is a common cause of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident

cerebral contusion

bruising of brain from a blow or impact

cerebral palsy (CP)

brain dmg resulting from defect, trauma, infection , or no o2, before, during, or shortly after birth