7. Divisions over religion, Arminianism and Laudianism; puritanism and millenarianism to 1640

When was Laud promoted to the position of the archbishop of canterbury?

1633

Imposition of Laudinism in churches

Communion table moved and railed off as an altar in East end of the Church

Increased emphasis on ceremony

Decorations such as stained glass

Increased use of music in services

ministers wearing vestments instead of plain robes

Removal of gentry ornamental pews

Why were puritans so enraged of Laudianism

They saw it as elements of idolatry derived from what was wrong with catholicsm

Laud campaign against unlicensed preaching

Limited preaching to Sunday mornings and evenings to control puritans

Puritan preaching limited further by Feoffees for impropriations in 1633. This stopped the raising of money to control appointment of clergy to parishes in order to further establish puritan preachers

Reissue of the book of sport 1633

Antagonised Puritans

Outlined range of sports and activities to do after compulsory Sunday service

Book was read from pulpit so everyone knew

Charles role in imposing Laudinianism

Charles supported Laudianism and Arminianism due to knowing the anger it would cause the Puritans, wanting to spite them as well as fearing them

Puritan defining features

Focus on importance of the bible

Anti-Catholicism

different degrees on millenarism

Can be seen as particularly extreme reaction to Catholicism

Puritan opposition to Charles Personal Rule 1629 - 1640 - St Gregory church case 1633

St Gregory’s case - Parishioners of St Gregory’s Church challenged moving of altar to East End as well as other offences. They were brought to the privy council as a test act by Charles I

Puritan opposition to Charles Personal Rule 1629 - 1640 - John Williams 1637

Bishop imprisoned in 1637 due to publishing book criticising altar policy - “The Holy Table, Name and Thing”

Indicated even terminology was source of contention due to Altar being a catholic word

Puritan opposition to Charles Personal Rule 1629 - 1640 - Prynne, Burton and Bastwick 1637

Well respected puritans who were brought before the star court in 1637 due to criticisms of church policy

Each were fined £5000 and imprisoned for life, but the cropping of their ears caused public outcry

The outcry was due to the professions of these men rather than punishment: they were professionals such as a lawyer, a doctor and a cleric

Puritan opposition to Charles Personal Rule 1629 - 1640 - John Lilburne 1638

Pushed Bastwicks work due to own Puritanism.

Found guilty by Star Court in February 1638 of distributing unlicensced literature.

Lilburne was whipped and pilloried in public

Imposition of Laudianism in Scotland and Puritan reaction 1625 - 1637

Charles wanted conformity but was absent from Scotland so created alienation amongst Scottish elite

Charles and Laud hated Presbytarian independence and wanted it to align with the Laudian church

Charles used the act of revocation to take land from Scottish elite and give it to the church, to Strengthenit in Scotland - this united Scottish landowners against Charles

King issued proclamation from 1625 articles of Perth commanding one of its tenets, to observe holy days.

Charles went to be crowned in Scotland in 1633 - his first visit since becoming king which angered many scots - firstly due to how long it took, as well as how Charles conducted the ceremony - conducting it at Holyrood palace in Edingburgh instead of the traditional Scone or Stirling as well as a form of ceremony seen as catholic.

Charles announced in 1633 his intention to introduce a new prayer book - leading to the civil

1636 Charles introduction of new canons on Scotland

Charles introduced new church laws on Scotland based on the articles of Perth

The altar had to be placed against the east wall of the chancel

Ministers had to wear a surplice when they celebrated communion

Improvised prayer was banned - ministers must read from the new prayer book

These were all interpreted as a return to Catholicsm made worse by the fact it was done by royal prerogative

1637 - Laudian prayer book in Scotland

introduced in 1637 in Scotland - imposed without consulting Scottish kirk or parliament

The book leaned towards catholicsm and threatened their religious independence