ABPSY3

How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define heavy episodic drinking?

The consumption of a minimum of six alcoholic drinks in one sitting at least once a month

What percentage of people in the United States meet DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder at some point in their lifetime?

30 percent

Which of the following is a true statement about alcohol use?

Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcohol use?

The average life span of a person with AUD is 12 years shorter than that of the average citizen.

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is __________; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is __________.

to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; to depress brain functioning

What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication-a blood alcohol content of 0.08-should be reconsidered?

Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.

Hayden used to become intoxicated after five drinks. Now he needs eight or nine to get the same effect. This is an example of __________.

tolerance

Which of the following best explains why women tend not to "hold their booze" as well as men?

Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.

Cirrhosis of the liver __________.

is caused by the added work of metabolizing excessive amounts of alcohol

Alcohol withdrawal delirium __________.

typically lasts from three to six days

Burnett was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which of the following behaviors?

Disorientation for time and place, and vivid hallucinations

All drugs that people become dependent upon __________.

activate pleasure and reward pathways in the brain

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)?

It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs, resulting in pleasurable euphoria.

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism __________.

suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse

Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality?

Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and emotionally unstable

Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are __________ than among European peoples. This fact may be related to __________.

lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

Which of the following statements reflects the recent research on the correlation between genetics and alcoholism?

The majority of children who have parents with alcohol-related problems do not develop alcohol-related disorders.

What parenting behavior of alcohol-abusing parents is most associated with adolescent substance use?

Not monitoring the adolescent's activities

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relationship between alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders?

The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.

The tension-reduction model of alcoholism __________.

does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking, while others are not

The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that __________.

expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or continue drinking

Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during __________.

crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship

Ryder has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Ryder that he needed to enter treatment, and Ryder responded the way that most alcohol-dependent people do, he would probably say, __________.

"Who do you think you are, attacking me? You are the one with the problem"

Approximately what percentage of individuals with an alcohol use disorder actually receive treatment for it?

33 percent

The first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is __________.

treating physical withdrawal symptoms

Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism?

To minimize cravings

Rayne has been admitted to the hospital and is in acute alcohol withdrawal. She is given the drug __________, part of a category of drugs that are used to ease the physical and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal.

Valium

"I am a person who has an affliction-I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in __________.

Alcoholics Anonymous

What type of treatment focuses primarily on clients learning to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking?

Relapse prevention treatment

Which of the following is an opiate?

Heroin

Which of the following is a hallucinogen?

Marijuana

The use of buprenorphine in the treatment of heroin dependence and in heroin abstinence works best when coupled with __________.

 

behavior therapy

Today, physicians occasionally prescribe amphetamines __________.

to treat hyperactive children

Bryce has been using marijuana daily for more than six years. If he stops using the drug, he might experience __________.

withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating

Which of the following comments is indicative of a gambling disorder?

Paxton states, "I've tried about six times to just stop gambling, or to stay away from the off-track betting, but I love those ponies!"

What percentage of children and adolescents meet the criteria for at least one mental disorder by the time they reach 18 years of age?

49.5 percent

What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood?

Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal for a child of a different age.

What was the greatest problem that emerged when a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed?

The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children.

Among children, the most commonly diagnosed disorders are __________.

anxiety disorders

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of difficulties that include __________.

sustained attention and/or impulsiveness and excessive or exaggerated motor activity.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is __________.

more frequently diagnosed in children and adolescents than other disorders are

Tucker is in second grade and is having trouble. He is frequently out of his seat, looking at the work of other students and annoying them by making comments. He interrupts the teacher, blurts out answers before she finishes the question, and usually needs directions repeated multiple times. At home, his mother says he is always "on the go." The most likely diagnosis for Tucker is __________.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Most cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults are characterized by __________ rather than __________.

inattention; hyperactivity

Currently, the cause of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is believed to be __________.

both genetic and social-environmental factors

One effect of Ritalin as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is that it __________.

increases alertness

__________ is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves a wide range of problematic behaviors, including deficits in language and perceptual and motor development; defective reality testing; and impairments in social communication.

Autism spectrum disorder

The hallmark symptom of autism is __________.

lack of interest in other people

Some of the same genes that have been linked with an increased risk of __________ also increase the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression.

autism

We are likely to find that many of the children with autistic disorder __________.

were identified as having the disorder before they were three years old

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children?

They lack the ability to pick up on social cues.

Lucy tells her autistic son Jack, "Please put your blocks away." Jack responds by saying, "Blocks away." This type of parroting exchange is referred to as __________.

echolalia

In autistic children, head banging, spinning in circles, and rocking are behaviors that are __________.

common forms of self-stimulation

Despite what is shown in movies like Rain Man, most autistic children would not cope well with being brought to a Las Vegas casino for the first time, because __________.

they often show aversion to auditory stimulation and prefer a limited and solitary routine

Which of the following would be most distressing to a child with autism?

Altering a familiar environment

Which of the following is one of the four instances where the law allows for the treatment of a child or adolescent without parental consent?

Emancipated minors

Dissociation __________.

is extremely common and not necessarily pathological

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as __________.

multiple personality disorder

Which of the following is most suggestive of dissociative identity disorder?

Kyla could not recall where she had been or what she had done all day.

Which of the following is true of opposite sex alters in DID?

They are quite common.

Brigid has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Brigid is the host personality. We can expect that the alter identities __________.

are strikingly different from Brigid

Olivia has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). She has 17 different "alters," which are strikingly different from her host personality. Some of her alters are not full personalities, but only fragments and memories. Some of the alters are children. What aspect of this case is unusual?

Olivia has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). She has 17 different "alters," which are strikingly different from her host personality. Some of her alters are not full personalities, but only fragments and memories. Some of the alters are children. What aspect of this case is unusual?

Why has the term "multiple personality disorder" been replaced with "dissociative identity disorder"?

Fully developed personalities are not present in dissociative identity disorder, just varying expressions of different aspects of the patient's personality.

Recent estimates suggest that about 50 percent of those with dissociative identity disorder have __________.

more than ten identities

What theory states that dissociative identity disorder is a response to early childhood traumatization and reflects a coping mechanism against powerlessness and hopelessness?

Trauma theory

According to sociocognitive theory, __________.

dissociative identity disorder may develop when a suggestive patient is treated by an overzealous clinician

There is debate as to the relationship between DID and abuse because __________.

other factors correlated with abuse may be the true causal factors in dissociative identity disorder

Which of the following statements summarizes the posttraumatic theory for the origin of dissociative identity disorder?

Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape."

An in-depth study by Lewis and colleagues of 12 convicted murderers diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID) looked into their backgrounds. The study found strong evidence that each was severely abused, both physically and sexually. Why does the text refer to this study as "flawed."

There was no control group of murderers without DID.

Studies comparing individuals with dissociative identity disorder (DID) to those trained to simulate the disorder __________.

support the sociocognitive model more than the trauma model

What is one reason that the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been increasing?

It may be that the prevalence of DID has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities.

When it comes to the effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders, we know __________.

very little

The treatment goal for most therapists who treat dissociative identity disorder is __________.

integration of the alter personalities