Educational Psychology: Key Theories, Historical Figures, and Teaching Skills

What is educational psychology?

A branch of psychology that specializes in understanding teaching and learning in educational settings.

Who emphasized the importance of observing teaching and learning in the classroom?

William James

What did William James suggest about lesson planning?

Start lessons just beyond the child's level of knowledge and understanding to stretch their mind.

How did John Dewey view children in the learning process?

As active learners who adapt to their environment.

What significant contribution did John Dewey make to educational psychology?

He established the first major U.S. educational psychology lab.

What focus did E. L. Thorndike bring to educational psychology?

An emphasis on assessment and measurement of learning.

What did Thorndike believe should be a central focus of educational psychology?

Measurement and scientific bases for educational practices.

Who first used the term 'gifted' in education?

Leta Hollingworth

What did George Sanchez demonstrate about intelligence tests?

That they were culturally biased against minority children.

What did Mamie and Kenneth Clark study?

African American children's self-conceptions and identity.

What was B. F. Skinner's contribution to the behavioral approach in education?

He built on Thorndike's ideas to determine the best conditions for learning.

What is the focus of the cognitive revolution in educational psychology?

Understanding cognitive processes like memory, thinking, and reasoning.

What is Bloom's Taxonomy?

A classification of cognitive skills that includes remembering, comprehending, synthesizing, and evaluating.

What dual aspects contribute to a teacher's success?

The science of educational psychology and the art of experienced practice.

What knowledge do effective teachers possess?

Subject matter knowledge, teaching subject matter knowledge, and teaching knowledge.

What is a key focus of effective teaching?

Emphasizing how to learn rather than just what to learn.

What strategies do effective teachers use to promote academic success?

Set high goals, create appropriate instructional materials, manage classrooms effectively, and integrate technology.

How do effective teachers reflect on their biases?

By working effectively with culturally diverse backgrounds and communicating well with students and parents.

What qualities characterize effective teachers?

Commitment, motivation, caring attitude, and enthusiasm.

What is the significance of self-efficacy for teachers?

It helps them have confidence in their teaching abilities and effectiveness.

What role does classroom management play in effective teaching?

It is essential for creating an optimal learning environment.

What should effective teachers promote in their students?

Motivation to learn and good thinking skills.

What is the impact of technology in education according to effective teaching principles?

It should be integrated into the curriculum to enhance learning.

What is the relationship between educational psychology and teaching practice?

Educational psychology informs teaching practices through research and theory.

What is the importance of assessment knowledge for effective teachers?

It helps them evaluate student progress and adapt instruction accordingly.