Avian Reproductive System

What is unique about the female avian reproductive system?

Only one ovary and oviduct are functional.

What is the function of the infundibulum in the female reproductive tract?

Captures the ovum from the ovary.

What is the magnum responsible for in egg formation?

Deposits egg white.

What is the role of the isthmus in egg formation?

Forms shell membranes.

What is the shell gland in birds?

Equivalent to the uterus, adds shell and pigments.

What is the function of the vagina in birds?

Stores sperm for fertilization.

What is the cloaca in birds?

Common opening for reproductive, urinary, and digestive systems.

What is the male avian reproductive system composed of?

Two testes and vas deferens.

How do sperm travel in male birds?

Through the vas deferens to the cloaca.

What is unique about male birds compared to females?

Two functional testes.

What is the role of testosterone in male birds?

Stimulates secondary sexual characteristics.

How do eggs develop in birds?

From ovary to oviduct, where layers are added.

What are the main layers of an egg?

Yolk, albumen, shell membranes, and shell.

What is the function of the chalaza in an egg?

Holds the yolk in place.

What is avian neonatal development characterized by?

Rapid growth and development post-hatching.

What are the main endocrine glands in birds?

Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, parathyroid, and ultimobranchial glands.

What is the role of the pituitary gland in birds?

Regulates hormone secretion.

What is the function of the thyroid gland in birds?

Regulates metabolism.

What is the role of the adrenal glands in birds?

Produce corticosterone and aldosterone.

How do species-specific adaptations predispose birds to reproductive diseases?

Susceptibility to egg binding and salpingitis.

What is the significance of the bursa of Fabricius in birds?

Develops immune system.

How does the avian reproductive system adapt to environmental changes?

Seasonal breeding influenced by daylight and nutrition.

What is the function of the pineal gland in birds?

Regulates circadian rhythms.

What is unique about avian egg production compared to mammals?

External development of the embryo.

What are common clinical conditions affecting the avian endocrine system?

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.