Biology Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards for introductory biology covering themes of biology, biological organization, scientific inquiry, evolution, elements, atomic structure, and chemical bonding.

According to E.O. Wilson's biophilia concept, biology results from our attraction to __________ in all its forms.

life

Order, energy processing, growth and development, regulation, reproduction, response to the environment, and evolutionary adaptation are all fundamental __________ of life.

characteristics

Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell lacks a __________-enclosed nucleus.

membrane

In the ten levels of biological organization presented in the text, level 1 is the Biosphere and level 10 is __________.

Molecules

Bat wings are modified tetrapod forelimbs with arms, hands, and fingers specialized for __________.

flight

Hummingbirds have the highest __________ of any homeothermic animal.

metabolism

The unifying theory of biology that accounts for life's unity and diversity is __________.

evolution

Darwin called the principle by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved by the term __________.

Natural Selection

The three domains of life are Domain Bacteria, Domain Archaea, and Domain __________.

Eukarya

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio is called a __________.

compound

An atom's atomic mass is calculated by adding the number of protons plus the number of __________.

neutrons

Unstable or radioactive carbon isotopes ${}^{13}\text{C}$ and ${}^{14}\text{C}$ make up about $1\%$ of carbon, while ${}^{12}\text{C}$ accounts for __________.

$$99\%$$

According to the Octet Rule, atoms are most stable when their outermost electron shell has $8$ electrons, or $2$ for $\text{H}$ and __________.

$$\text{He}$$

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses an electron is called a __________.

cation

Covalent bonds where electrons are shared equally, such as in $\text{CH}_4$, are classified as __________ covalent bonds.

non-polar

Because Oxygen has $8$ protons compared to Hydrogen's $1$ proton, Oxygen is more __________, pulling shared electrons closer to itself in a water molecule.

electronegative

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are individually __________ but collectively strong.

weak

In the chemical reaction equation $2\text{H}_2 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$, the molecules $2\text{H}_2$ and $\text{O}_2$ are the __________.

reactants