Plant Systematics Exam whatever this one is

Family Fabaceae flower characteristics

5 connate sepals, 5 petals (distinct or connate). <10 to many stamens (free or connate). 1 carpel, HYPOGYNOUS

What is a pulvinus and what family is it found in?

Enlarged section at the base of a plant leaf/leaflet. Uses turgor to move leaves. Fabaceae

What does monadelphous mean and what family is it found in?

Flower has 10 connate stamen. Fabaceae

What does diadelphous mean and what family is it found in?

Flower has 9 connate stamen with one extra on the loose. Fabaceae

Fabaceae placentation and fruit type

Marginal placentation, legume or loment

What characteristic does Fabaceae have that we have not seen before?

Symbiosis with rhizobia, nitrogen fixing bacteria

What family has a symbiotic relationship with ants?

Fabaceae, develop nectaries that produce nectar and beltian bodies

Family Rosaceae flower characteristics

Solitary or inflorescence, 5 connate sepals, 5 free petals. Many stamens. 1-many carpels (4 flower types) Perigynous to epigynous, usually with hypanthium

Flower type 1 of Rosaceae

Many FREE carpels, but may arise from elongated receptacle. Perigynous with hypanthium

What is a hypanthium and what family do we see it in?

Bowl like shape/structure of the flower seen in Rosaceae

Flower type 2 of Rosaceae

2-5 FREE carpels. Perigynous with hypanthium

Flower type 3 of Rosaceae

1 carpel. Perigynous with hypanthium

Flower type 4 of Rosaceae

2-5 connate carpels. Epigynous

Rosaceae placentation and fruit type

When carpels are free- basal, apical or parietal (marginal). aggregate fruit of drupelets, achenes, or follicles
When carpels are connate- axile. drupe or pome

Families in Order Fagales

Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Juglandaceae

Family Fagaceae flower characteristics

Small unisexual flowers.
Staminate- catkins. Very reduced perianth. 4-many distinct stamens
Carpellate- solitary or in a cluster. Very reduced perianth. 3 connate carpels. Epigynous

Family Fagaceae placentation and fruit type

Axile placentation, nut with an involucre

What is an involucre and what family do we see it in?

Cap on an acorn or spiky shell on a chestnut. Fagaceae

What is the difference between red/black oaks and white oaks?

Red/black- have bristle tips on the lobes/teeth of leaves. Acorns mature at the end of 2nd season and root in the spring.
White- leaves without a bristle tip. Acorns mature at the end of the 1st year and root in the fall

Family Betulaceae flower characteristics

Small flowers in catkins (both sexes), unisexual flowers. Many cymules in a single catkin.
Staminate flower- very reduced perianth with 1-4 distinct stamens
Carpellate flower- very reduced perianth with 2 connate carpels. Epigynous

What is a cymule and what family do we see it in?

Found in a catkin, 2-3 flowers clumped together

Betulaceae placentation and fruit type

Axile placentation, 1 seeded nutlet or samara with bracts (winged bracts or hard cone like structure)

Juglandaceae flower characteristics

Unisexual flowers (monoecious).
Staminate- catkins with 3-many distinct stamens
Carpellate- flowers in clusters. 2 connate carpels. Epigynous

Juglandaceae placentation and fruit type

Similar to axile placentation. Drupe like nut with a husk

Family Brassicaceae flower characteristics

Inflorescence. Mostly radial symmetry with bisexual flowers. 4 distinct petals usually forming a cross. 4 distinct sepals. Usually 6 stamens (some tetradynamous). 2 connate carpels. Hypogynous

What does tetradynamous mean and what family is it found in?

6 stamens, 4 tall and 2 short. Brassicaceae

Brassicaceae placentation and fruit types

Parietal placentation. Berry or capsule (silique or silicle)

What is the difference between silique or silicle and what family are they found in?

Silique- long and skinny
Silicle- rounded or heart shaped
Brassicaceae

What is the difference between holoparasitism and hemiparasitism?

Holoparasite- does not photosynthesize
Hemiparasite- does some photosynthesis

What is a haustorium?

Specialized absorption structure derived from root tissue, used by parasitic plants to gather nutrients from host.

Family Viscaceae flower characteristics

Inflorescence. Small, unisexual (monoecious or dioecious) with radial symmetry. 3-4 tepals (distinct or connate). 3-4 stamens opposite the tepals. 3-4 connate carpels. Epigynous

Viscaceae placentation and fruit type

Basal placentation. Single seeded berry, often sticky

What characteristics are seen in Order Caryophyllales?

Betalains- red/violets and yellow/oranges
CAM photosynthesis

Family Caryophyllaceae flower characteristics

Swollen nodes. Single flowers or inflorescence. 5 sepals and petals. 4-10 stamens (free, connate, or adnate). 2-5 connate carpels. Hypogynous

Caryophyllaceae placentation and fruit type

Free central placentation. Capsule

Family Cactaceae flower characteristics

Betalains provide color for flowers. Solitary and bisexual with radial symmemtry. Many tepals. Many free stamens. 3-many connate carpels. Epigynous

Cactaceae placentation and fruit type

Parietal placentation. Berry- often with spines or glochids

Various mechanisms of capturing animal prey

Snap traps (venus fly trap), pitfall traps (pitcher plants), flypaper (drosera) suction bladders

Family Droseraceae flower characteristics

Small flowers in an inflorescence. 5 sepals (connate), petals (distinct), and stamens (mostly distinct). 3 connate carpels. Hypogynous

Droseraceae placentation and fruit type

Basal or parietal placentation. Capsule

Family Ericaceae flower characteristics

Inflorescence or single flower, bisexual. 2 flower types (radial and bell shaped, bilateral and open) 4-5 sepals and petals, connate. 8-10 stamen (free, adnate to petals, connate). 2-10 connate carpels. Hypogynous

What is special about Family Ericaceae?

Ericoid mycorrhizae, some species non-photosynthetic (mycoheterotrophic)

Ericaceae placentation and fruit type

Axile placentation. Capsule, berry, or drupe.

Family Sarraceniaceae flower characteristics

Large and showy flowers solitary on stem. Bisexual with radial symmetry. 5 sepals, 5 petals, many stamen. 3 or 5 fused carpels. Hypogynous. Style is umbrella shaped with stigmas at the tips

Sarraceniaceae placentation and fruit type

Axile placentation. Capsule

Family Solanaceae flower characteristics

Inflorescence or single flower. Bisexual and radially symmetrical. 5 connate sepals. 5 petals, connate to form a bowl or funnel. 5 stamens adnate to petals. 2-5 connate carpels. Hypogynous

What type of pollination is found in Solanaceae?

Buzz pollination from bumblebees and solitary bees

Solanaceae placentation and fruit type

Axile placentation, berry or capsule

Family Convolvulaceae flower characteristics

Solitary or inflorescence. Bisexual with radial symmetry. 5 sepals, usually free. 5 petals, often connate with folds. 5 stamens adnate to petals. 2 connate carpels. Style often deeply embedded in ovary (gynobasic). Hypogynous.

Convolvulaceae placentation and fruit type

Axile placentation. Capsule

Family

Fabacaea

Family

Rosaceae

Family

Fagaceae

Family

Betulaceae

Family

Juglandaceae

Family

Brassicaceae

Family

Viscaceae

Family

Caryophyllacceae

Family

Cactaceae

Family

Droseraceae

Family

Ericaceae

Family

Sarraceniaceae

Family

Solanaceae

Family

Convolvulaceae

What does nyctinastic mean and what family is it in?

Circadian rhythm movement in Fabaceae

What does thigmotropic mean and what family is it in?

Touch movement in Fabaceae