Chapter 13-14 : Blood, Immune, and Lymphatic

Antibody (Ab)

Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it.

Antigen

Foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody

Coagulation

Blood clotting

Erythroblast

Immature red blood cell

Erythrocyte

Red blood cell. There are about 5 million per microliter or cubic milliliter of blood.

Hematopoietic stem cell

Cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

Leukocyte

White blood cell

Lymphocyte

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease

Monocyte

Leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissue.

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

Platelet

Small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

Prothrombin

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Thrombocyte

Platelet

Cyt/o

Cell

Erythr/o

Red

Hem/o

Blood

hemat/o

blood

Leuk/o

White

Mon/o

One, single

Phag/o

Eat, swallow

-blast

Immature or embryonic cell

-cytosis

Abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)

-emia

Blood condition

-lytic

Pertaining to destruction

-oid

Derived, related to, or originating from

-osis

Abnormal condition

-penia

Deficiency

Anemia

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Sickle cell anemia

Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

Hemophilia

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII or IX necessary for blood clotting

Leukemia

Increase in malignant white blood cells (leukocytes)

Mononucleosis

Infectious, viral disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Multiple myeloma

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

Complete blood count (CBC)

Determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin, concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values

Prothrombin time (PT)

Test of the ability of blood to clot

Red blood cell count (RBC)

Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

White blood cell count (WBC)

Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Adenoids

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Lymph

Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. Latin lympha means clear spring water.

Spleen

Organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood

Tonsils

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

Immun/o

Protection

Tox/o

Poison

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms and neurologic problems

Herpes simplex

Viral infection causes small blisters on the skin of the lips or nose or on the genitals.

Herpes simplex can also cause encephalitis

Lymphoma

Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

Anaphylaxis

Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance