human body systems. ch.1 a&p

Integumentary System

Skin, hair, and nails. Functions: covers and protects deeper body tissues/structures, synthesizes vitamin D, houses cutaneous receptors, sweat glands, and oil glands, and helps maintain water balance.

Skeletal System

Bones, cartilage, and ligaments. Functions: protects vital organs, provides shape and support, stores minerals, produces blood cells, and allows movement.

Muscular System

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and tendons. Functions: body movement, pumping of blood, movement of substances through the body, and thermoregulation.

Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Functions: senses information about the internal and external environment, interprets and responds to information, and helps maintain homeostasis.

Cardiovascular System

Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, and blood. Function: transports nutrients, wastes, and gases to and from cells.

Lymphatic/Immune System

Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, appendix, MALT, thymus, and bone marrow. Functions: picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood, disposes of debris, and houses white blood cells that protect the body from invaders.

Respiratory System

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs. Functions: takes in oxygen, eliminates carbon dioxide, and helps maintain acid-base balance.

Digestive System

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, anus, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. Functions: ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food, and elimination of indigestible material.

Urinary System

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Functions: removal of nitrogenous waste and regulation of water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.

Endocrine System

Glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, pineal gland, ovaries, testes, and thymus. Function: secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Reproductive System - Female

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and labia. Functions: produces eggs and sex hormones, maintains a developing fetus, gives birth, and produces milk to nourish an infant.

Reproductive System - Male

Testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands. Functions: produces sperm and sex hormones and helps with reproduction.