Dental Anatomy

Transverse Mouth Planes

Maxillary-Upper

Mandibular-Lower

Median Mouth Planes

Right or Left

Name the quadrants of the teeth- where they are located w/numbered teeth.

Quadrant 1- Upper Right Maxillary (#1-8)

Quadrant 2- Upper Left Maxillary (#9-16)

Quadrant 3- Lower Left Mandibular (#17-24)

Quadrant 4- Lower Right Mandibular (#25-32)

Which teeth are apart of the anterior and posterior teeth? And how many?

Anterior- Central Incisors (4 total); Lateral incisors (4 total); Canines (4 total)

Posterior- Premolars (8 total); Molars (12 total: 3 on each side)

What do Incisors do?

CUT

What do Canines do?

PIERCE/HOLD

What do Premolars and Molars do?

CHEW

Primary/Deciduous Dentition: How many teeth? What are the teeth? Numbering system?

Baby teeth

20 teeth> 4 central incisors, 4 lateral incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars

NO PRE-MOLARS

A-T

Secondary/Permanent Dentition: How many teeth? Numbering system?

32 teeth

All adult teeth

Numbered 1-32

What are the steps to naming a tooth?

1. Dentition»»» Primary or Secondary

2. Arch»»»Maxillary or Mandibular

3. Side»»»Left or Right

4. Tooth Name (for example»first premolar)

Universal Naming System

Simplifies the name by using numbers for teeth 1-32

Starts with 1 where it is the MAXILLARY RIGHT 3rd molar

Palmer Notation System

Divided by Quadrants »»»» 4 different brackets

For Permanent teeth»»» 1 through 8 in each bracket

For primary teeth»»» A though E in each bracket

Name the 4 tissues of the tooth

1. Enamel

2. Dentin

3. Cementum

4. Pulp

Name the characteristics of Enamal

• protective external surface layer of anatomic crown

• HARDEST substance in the body

• 95% Calcium Hydroxyapatite»»» highly calcified

Name the characteristics of Dentin

• makes up the bulk of the tooth/underlies the enamel and cementum

• 70% Calcium Hydroxyapitite

• Not normally visible

Name the characteristics of Cementum

• THIN external layer of the anatomic root

• 65% Calcium Hydroxyapatite

• As hard as bone

• Visible on extracted tooth

Name the characteristics of Pulp

• soft, non-mineralized CONNECTIVE tissue

• Not visible

• Blood vessels and nerves

• In the center of crown and root called the pulp cavity

Name the functions of Pulp

• Formative»»» Dentin-producing cells called odontoblasts

• Sensory»»» Can sense pain

• Nutritive»»» transportation of nutrients from bloodstream to the pulp cells

• Protective/Defensive»»» reparative dentin in response to injury

What are the main parts of the periodontium?

• supporting tissues of the teeth

  1. Alveolar bones»»» surrounds the roots

  2. Gingiva (gum tissue)»»» soft tissue covering alveolar bone + VISIBLE

  3. Periodontal ligament»»» connects cementum (root) to the bone

Name all of the Tooth Surfaces.

Facial»»» faced towards cheeks/lips (on ALL teeth)

• Buccal»»» Posterior teeth only

• Labial»»» Anterior teeth only

Lingual/palatal»»»faced towards tongue (think “limba”)

Occlusal»»» the chewing surface of POSTERIOR teeth only

Incisal edge»»» top surface for ANTERIOR teeth only

Mesial»»» Closer to the midline of mouth

Distal»»» Farther from the midline of mouth

What are line angles?

• where 2 tooth surfaces meet

How do you name Line Angles?

• Combine 2 surfaces »»» change the “al” of the first surface to “o”

• Order

  • Mesial » distal, facial (buccal or labial), lingual » occlusal or incisal

What are Point Angles?

Junction line of 3 tooth surfaces

Root-to-Crown ratio

-root length divided by crown length

-normally greater than 1

Smaller ratios signify that the tooth is not the best choice for attaching fake teeth due to the force applied

• LONGER TERM SUCCESS WITH LARGER RATIOS