Practical Research 2 - Fill in the Blank Flashcards (ENGLISH)

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering core concepts from the lecture notes on research fundamentals, process, methods, design, philosophy, data vs information, ethics, and manuscript standards.

Research is a __ process of inquiry aimed at discovering, interpreting, and developing knowledge.

systematic and rigorous

Creswell (2014) states that research involves the formulation of clear questions, the selection of appropriate methodologies— __, and the careful collection and analysis of data.

quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods

Saunders et al. (2019) say research is about understanding the __ among concepts and adapting approaches based on the researcher’s experiences.

relationships

Research requires a __ approach that integrates philosophical worldview assumptions, designs, and methods.

structured

Leedy and Ormrod describe research as “an __ and systematic way of finding answers to questions.”

organized

______________ - Research helps discover new facts, ideas, and insights that expand our understanding of the world.

Generating new knowledge

______________ - It provides evidence-based solutions to practical issues.

Solving problems

_____________ - Research offers reliable data and analysis that guide policies, teaching strategies, and organizational planning.

Informed decision-making

_______________ - Through systematic investigation, research tests and confirms existing theories or challenges them for Improvement.

Validating Theories and Practices

Improving Practices - It helps refine methods, programs, and interventions to __ effectiveness and outcomes.

enhance

Supporting Innovation - Research fosters creativity and innovation by exploring new approaches, tools, and __.

technologies

Promoting Critical Thinking - Engaging in research develops analytical skills and encourages __ and evidence-based reasoning.

questioning

The nature of research is characterized by being: __.

systematic

Objective: Researchers strive to minimize bias and subjectivity by maintaining __.

objectivity

Analytical: It involves critical examination and __ of data.

interpretation

___________: innovation and new insights often emerge from research activities.

Creative

This phase is where the topic is identified. It is called the __ phase.

conceptualization

It is known as the planning phase where researchers decide on the detailed procedures in gathering and analyzing data. The __ phase.

design

Actual data gathering and collection are conducted at this phase. The __ phase.

empirical

This is the most challenging phase of the research process. Researchers in this phase are preparing and assessing the data through the use of several tools and even the researchers’ own understanding as supported by his belief and previous researches published in the same area. The __ phase.

analytical

In most papers, a __ is produced to summarize the themes that emerged in the study.

model

Dissemination Phase is the most valuable but often __ by the researchers.

neglected

Data refers to __, unprocessed facts, figures, or symbols without context.

raw

Information is data that has been __, organized, or structured in a way that adds meaning.

processed

Data doesn’t depend on __.

information

The average score of a class is the __ derived from the given data.

information

Independent Variable (IV) is the variable the researcher __.

manipulates

Dependent Variable (DV) is the __ that is measured and depends on the IV.

outcome

Extraneous Variable (Confounding Variable) are variables other than the IV that might influence the DV and should be __.

controlled

Control Variable are factors kept __ to prevent them from influencing the DV.

constant

Moderator Variable changes the strength or direction of the IV–DV __.

link

Mediator Variable explains the process through which the IV affects the DV.

mediator

Qualitative approaches are described as exploratory and __, focusing on depth.

in-depth

Qualitative data types include non-numerical data such as interviews, observations, and texts. They are __.

non-numerical

Denzin and Lincoln describe qualitative research as a 'situated activity that locates the observer in the world,' emphasizing its __, naturalistic approach.

interpretive

Quantitative data analysis uses __ methods to identify patterns and test significance.

statistical

Qualitative data analysis is __, thematic, or narrative-based.

interpretive

Mixed Methods approach involves collecting, analyzing, and __ both types of data in a way that enriches the insights.

integrating

Descriptive research focuses on describing characteristics of a population without __ variables.

manipulating

Correlational research investigates relationships between two or more variables but does not establish __.

causality

Experimental research involves the manipulation of the __ and random assignment of participants.

independent variable

Quasi-Experimental designs resemble experiments but lack __ assignment.

random

Causal-Comparative (Ex Post Facto) design compares groups based on __ differences.

pre-existing

Informed consent requires participants to be fully informed about the research and to __ agree to participate.

voluntarily

Confidentiality and Privacy require protecting participants' identities and data; anonymity should be __ when reporting results.

maintained

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence require researchers to maximize __ and minimize harm.

benefits

Justice and Fairness call for equitable __ of participants.

selection

Integrity and Transparency require reporting honestly and disclosing conflicts of interest; avoid fabrication, falsification, or __.

plagiarism

Respect for Persons includes acknowledging the autonomy and __ of participants.

dignity

IMRAD stands for Introduction-Method-Results-.

Discussion

APA 7th Edition standards guide manuscript formatting.

7th Edition

A quantitative title should include the __ variables.

key

Specify the Population or __ to define scope.

Context

FORMAT: The __ between Sleep Duration and Academic Performance among High School Students.

Relationship

Research gaps refer to areas in a field where existing knowledge is incomplete, inconsistent, or __, highlighting opportunities for further investigation.

insufficient

A systematic approach to identifying gaps includes Literature Review, Trend and Pattern Analysis, and __ and Inconsistencies.

Contradictions

Emerging Technologies Not Fully Explored: Notably, __ present opportunities for immersive science education.

Virtual Reality