Consequences of Industrialization c. 1750-1900 Flashcards

These flashcards cover the key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the consequences of industrialization from c. 1750 to c. 1900.

Imperialism

The desire for colonies increased as competition among industrializing states grew.

Resistance to Imperialism

Anticolonial movements that developed in response to imperialism as part of a larger trend of emerging nationalism.

Migration

Long-distance movement spurred by new means of transportation and the pull of economic opportunity which contributed to global urbanization.

Imperialism

A policy of establishing overseas empires driven by nationalism, economic wealth, religious duty, and a belief in biological superiority.

Social Darwinism

The idea that in biological competition, the spread of European and U.S. power proved the biological superiority of whites and was used to justify further imperialism.

Sino-Japanese War

The war between China and Japan (1894-1895) resulting in Japan's victory and control of Korea and Taiwan.

David Livingstone

Scottish missionary who worked in Sub-Saharan Africa to end the illegal slave trade.

East India Company (EIC)

The company that was granted a royal charter in 1600, giving it a monopoly on England's trade with India.

Dutch East India Company (VOC)

The company that was given a monopoly on trade between the Cape of Good Hope and the Straits of Magellan by the Dutch government in 1602.

Quinine

Medicine that treats the tropical disease malaria, reducing the danger of living in warm, humid regions.

Suez Canal

A 100-mile-long canal completed in 1869 connecting the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.

Corvée laborers

Unpaid workers who were forced to work on projects as a form of taxation.

Berlin Conference

Meeting of European powers in 1884-1885 hosted by Otto von Bismarck to provide for the orderly colonization of Africa without inviting any Africans.

Boer Wars

Conflicts between the British and Afrikaners (1880-1881, 1899-1902) over land in South Africa.

Concentration Camps

Settlements in South Africa, segregated by race, that were known as concentration camps during the Boer Wars.

Formosa

The island controlled by the Portuguese and seized by Japan until the end of WWII.

Scramble for Africa

The competing efforts of Europeans to colonize Africa.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy issued by James Monroe in 1823 which stated that European nations should not intervene in the affairs of the countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Manifest Destiny

A belief that white Americans had a natural and inevitable right to expand to the Pacific Ocean.

Roosevelt Corollary

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine by Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, stating that the United States would intervene if countries in Latin America demonstrated instability.

Great Game

An intense rivalry between the Russian and British empires as they competed unsuccessfully for dominance in Afghanistan.

Nationalism

The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Eastern Woodlands peoples from the Southeast to a new Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma.

King Leopold II

King of Belgium who oversaw the invasion and pacification of the Congo in central Africa.

Cixi

Chinese empress who encouraged the Boxers and ordered that all foreigners be killed.

Sepoys

Indian soldiers under British employ.

Raj

The colonial government in India that took its orders directly from the British government in London (1858-1947).

Boxer Rebellion

Anti-imperialist group in China that attacked Chinese Christians and Western missionaries between 1899 and 1901.

Treaty of Waitangi

A treaty signed in 1840 in New Zealand guaranteeing that the rights of the original Maori inhabitants would be protected by the British crown.

Proclamation of 1763

This act reserved all the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River for Native Americans.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

This act that forced the Cherokee and other Southeast Native American tribes to relocate to what is now Oklahoma.

Sepoy Mutiny

This was also named the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Cherokee Phoenix

It was the first Native American newspaper in the United States.

Ghost Dance

Dreamer who announced that the dead would soon come back and drive out the whites, restoring the lands and traditions of Native Americans.

Siam

The most Independent country remaining in Southeast Asia by the 1880s.

Samory Touré

He led a group of warriors to establish a powerful kingdom in Guinea, opposing French attempts to annex West Africa.

Yaa Asantewaa

She led a rebellion against the British in the Yaa Asantewaa War (or, the War of the Golden Stool).

Muhammad Ahmad

He Declared himself the Mahdi, or 'guided one', who who would restore the glory of Islam.

Pan-Africanism

Africans had a shared identity and nationalism known as what after the World War I.

Túpac Amaru II

A cacique and descended from the last Inca ruler.

Economics

One of the most influential motives in driving imperialism.

Cecil Rhodes

He was a British-Born and the founder of De Beers Diamonds.

Submarine

These are also known as underwater telegraph.

Cash Crops

Is the farming of crops such as tea, cotton, sugar, oil palms, rubber, and coffee which were grown for their commercial value.

Export Economies

With raw materials that could be processed into manufactures goods, colonies turned into this.

Guano

These were rich in nitrates and phosphates that made for an excellent natural fertilizer.

Charles Goodyear

He developed a process known as vulcanization that eliminated these problems and helped create the modern rubber industry.

Monocultures

Lacked agricultural diversity, particularly in developing nations.

Economic Imperialism

Was a situation where foreign business interests have great economic power or influence.

Treaty of Nanking

It required China to open up four additional ports to foreigners, cede the island of Hong Kong to Britain, and pay damages.

Spheres of Influence

These had exclusive trading rights.

Culture System

Was a corvée labor.

Banana Republics

Described small Central American countries under the economic power of foreign-based corporations.

Palm Oil

Was a chief export.

Indentured Servants

Are people who worked for a set number of years before becoming free.

Asian Contract Laborers

Were an early substitute for the slave trade.

Penal Colony

Are a space used to imprioson and house convicts.

Diaspora

Mass emigrations from a country or region that may take place over a period of many years.

Kangani

A foreman that oversees laborers.

Maistry

A supervisors system in Burma recruited laborers within a structured system with defined hierarchies and sent them to plantations, usually in Southeast Asia.

Great Famine

It destroyed the potato crop for four years, as many as 3 million people emigrated from Ireland.

Colonial Service

Is how the British call a Colonial Service.

Emigrate

Is the act of leaving your own country.

Porfirio Diaz

He promoted immigration as well as development, especially in the northern area bordering the United States.

Ethnic Enclaves

Neighborhoods of people from the same foreign country, formed in many major cities of the world.

Chinese Exclusion Act

The first major U.S. federal legislation that specifically suspended immigration of a specific ethnic group.

Apartheid

Systematic discrimination that was practiced in South Africa.

Skilled Workers

Are also called Blue-Collar workers.

Gold Rush

Is a time when people would search for and mine for Gold.

Cecil Rhodes

It sought to expand to the north, into Bechuanaland(Botswana) and what became known as Rhodesia and is now Zimbabwe and Zambia.