1.12: what substrates enzymes can catalyse

What is another name for enzymes?

Biological catalysts

What molecules can enzymes break down?

Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

What are the products of these molecules?

Sugars, amino acids and fatty acids and glycerol

What are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids used for in the body?

Growth, repair and metabolism

Why are these molecules broken down?

They are too large to pass from the intestine into blood so they have to be made into smaller molecules

What are these smaller molecules used for in the body?

The raw materials are synthesised into larger molecules

What small molecules can carbohydrates break down into?

Glycogen, starch, sucrose and glucose

What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates

Carbohydrase

Where are carbohydrase enzymes produced?

In saliva, the pancreas and the small intestine

What is protein broken down into?

Amino acids

What amino acids are there?

Enzymes, haemoglobin, collagen and keratin

How do amino acids get their function and purpose?

From the shape that the chain is folded into - it is very specific with its own unique sequence of amino acids

What enzyme breaks down protein?

Protease enzymes

Where are protease enzymes produced?

The stomach, pancreas, and small intestine

What are lipids broken into?

Fatty acids (3) and glycerol (1)

What are examples of types of lipids

Fats and oils

What enzymes break down lipids?

Lipase enzymes

Where are lipase enzymes produced?

In the pancreas and small intestine