APHuGo U1 Vocab

Cartography

Study of maps

Projection

Depicting a surface on a different surface (round earth to rectangular plane)

Distortion

Modifications that ruin accuracy (typically done for a reason)

Planar or Azimuthal

Map projecting based on one spot (ie. projecting the globe by using the top of it/north pole)

Cylindrical

Depicting the Earth as if Earth unraveled like globe

Conic

Projecting the earth from a point like a cone (most US maps are like this)

Goode Homolosine

Projecting the Earth to display landmasses in a weird way

Spatial Patterns

A tool utilizing analysis to compare the distance between two places

Absolute Distance

The exact distance something is from something else

Relative Distance

The distance something is from something else based on environment, culture, or surrounding features

Latitude

Horizontal line system to determine location on Earth

Longitude

Vertical line system to determine location on Earth

Prime Meridian

The 0 degree meridian centered on Greenwich UK

Scale

The distance ratio compared to the real world on a map

Reference Map

Maps to display directly geographic features

Topographic Map

Maps to display altitude

Thematic Map

Maps to display a specific theme (hence thematic)

Choropleth Map

Maps to display data

Cartogram

A map distorted to display

Graduated Circle

Maps that display data based on how big circles are

Dot Density

Maps to display data based on how many dots are somewhere

GPS

Geography positioning system (satellites to triangulate location)

GIS

Geographic information system (software that analyzes geography information)

Remote Sensing

Collecting data on the earth from above

Geographic Flow

How places are connected to each other (physically + movement ideas)

Distance Decay

The farther apart things are, the less connected they are

Time Space Compression

Distance measured by time to get there

Ecology

Study of how organisms relate to surroundings

Toponym

A place name, derived by some topographical features

Benefits of Mercator & Peters

• Easy for travel, draw a straight line!

Benefits of Robinson

• Accurate Size

Benefits of Goode Homolosine

• Accurate Size & Shape

Disadvantages of Mercator & Peters

• Inaccurate size

Disadvantages of Robinson & Goode Homolosine

• Due to bending, not very navigation friendly

Difference of Absolute and Relative Location

One describes the exact point of something on Earth. Two describes the location of something on Earth based on the environment or surrounding features. The difference is how the location is described.

TODALSIG is

Title, Orientation, Date, Author, Legend, Scale, Index, Grid

Quantitative Data is…

Numbers & Data based on numbers

Qualitative Data is…

Interpretation & use of numbers

6 Spacial Concepts of Geography

Absolute & Relative Location

Space

Place

Geo Flow

Distance Delay/Frictional Distance

Time Space Compression

Diffusion

Relocation Diffusion

Migrating to bring ideas, objects (ie. Ethnic enclaves like Chinatown)

Expansion Diffusion

Spreading out of a core area

Environmental Determinism

the concept of the environment causing people to modify their lifestyles in order to adapt (ie. Head-coverings in the Middle East

Possibilism

The concept of the environment providing opportunities for people to modify their lifestyles (multiple choices, the people make it)

Formal Region

Regions sharing one or some characteristics (ie. USA)

Functional Region

Regions with a central focal point (ie. Metropolitan Areas)

Perceptual Region

Regions that are thought of by people due to a shared feature (ie. Eastern Europe)