Chemistry - Unit 4: Bonding

so this whole unit is on bonding, but first, let's remind ourselves, WHY do atoms form bonds?

toooo beeee ~sttabbbbleeee~
remember that.

what are ionic compounds typically composed of?

a metal (+) and a non-metal (-)

hey google, define "monatomic atom"

a single atom (key word: mono) with a + or - charge cuz of the loss or gain of electrons

in what order do the ions go when writing an ionic bond's name or formula?

cation (+) then anion (-)

what kind of structure do ionic compounds have?

a crystalline structure with alternating + and - charges

what are some characteristics of ionic bonds?

- transfer of electrons
- high melting points
- stronger bonds
- hard, brittle
- electrically reactive
- soluble in water

why are ionic bonds soluble in water?

the alternating + and - charges allow for the water to easily break apart the particles

what kind of elements are found in covalent bonds

two or more non-metals

what are some characteristics of covalent bonds?

- sharing of electrons
- low melting points
- weaker bonds
- relatively soft (wtv that means)
- do not react to electricity
- not soluble

what is another term for when two or more non-metals form a covalent bond?

it is considered a ~molecule~

we didn't learn a whole lot about this, but ur gonna need to know it. so what is a metallic bond?

the bond between metals, also considered the "sea of electrons"

describe the structure of a metallic bond pretty pls

crystalline structure, but electrons are mobile and allowed to run wild in the metal

what is the term for when electrons flow freely in metallic bonds

we call it -~zap zap electricity~-

pop quiz:
ionic vs. covalent vs. metallic bond. GO!

ionic bonds -> metal and nonmetal, electrons are GIVEN, totally transferred
covalent bonds -> 2 or more nonmetals, electrons are SHARED
metallic bond -> 2 or more metals, sea of electrons do whatever the heck they want

wuts an alloy?

mixtures of 2 or more elements, BUT at least 1 must be a metal
ie: Brass -> Cu+Zn

how many electrons are found in a single bond?

2

how many electrons are found in a double bond?

4 (see the pattern? :D)

how many electrons are found in a triple bond?

6, you get the gist.

NAMING TIME! LESSGO
(don't flip the card over)

you little rebel.

this digital flashcard is tricky to work with, so here's what's gonna go down ->

I'll give you the name of a compound, and u determine the kind of compound (ionic or covalent) write the formula
OR
I'll give you 2 elements, u determine the kind of compound, name it, and write the formula :D

Potassium + Sulfur

Dinitrogen Trisulfide

Copper (II) Phosphate

Cobalt (II) + Nitrogen

note: don't confuse the nitride, nitrite, nitrate. it's not fun.

Carbon + Oxygen

time for...VSEPR

ok but I keep reading it as "VESPER" and then I read it as "VECTOR" as in
"VECTOR! That's me, because I commit crimes with both >DIRECTION< AND ~MaGNItuDE~. Oh yeAH"

carry on.

gimme the tea on Linear Bonds

- bonding pairs: 2
- lone electron pairs: 0

okay how about linear bonds' older sibling Linear w/ Multiple Lone Pairs?

- bonding pairs: 2
- lone pairs: 3

2 atoms will ALWAYS have a bond shape of...

linnnnearrrrr

haha I read that as "cleooouuurrrrr"

describe the /bent\ bond

- bonding pairs: 2
- lone pairs: 1 or 2

how bout that Trigonal Planar bond?

- bonding pairs: 3 (like the sides of a triannngleee how clevah)
- lone pairs: 0

TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL hehe that rhymes

- bonding pairs: 3
- lone pairs: 1

TETRAHEDRAL
sounds so pretentious

- bonding pairs: 4
- lone pairs: 0