HBO EMOTIONS AND STRESS

emotional contagion

The tendency to mimic the emotional expressions of others, converging with them emotionally.

display rules

Cultural norms about the appropriate ways to express emotions.

self-conscious emotions

Feelings that stem from within, such as shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride.

social emotions

People's feelings based on information external to themselves, such as pity, envy, jealousy, and scorn.

circumplex model of affect

A theory of emotional behavior based on the degree to which emotions are pleasant or unpleasant and the degree to which they make one feel activated.

mood

An unfocused, relatively mild feeling that exists as a background to our daily experiences.

accommodative processing (bottom-up processing)

A way of processing information in which people carefully observe what's going on around them so that they can respond to situations appropriately.

assimilative processing (top-down processing)

A way of processing information in which people rely on the knowledge already at their disposal instead of taking in new information.

mood congruence

The tendency to recall positive things when you are in a good mood and to recall negative things when you are in a bad mood.

affective events theory (AET)

The theory that identifies various factors that lead to people's emotional reactions on the job and how these reactions affect those individuals.

emotional labor

The psychological effort involved in holding back one's true emotions.

daily hassles

Unpleasant or undesirable events that put people in bad moods.

daily uplifts

Pleasant or desirable events that put people in good moods.

emotional dissonance

Inconsistencies between the emotions we feel and the emotions we express.

felt emotions

The emotions people actually feel, which may differ from displayed emotions.

displayed emotions

Emotions that people show others, which may or may not be in line with their felt emotions.

anger

A heightened state of emotional arousal, increased heart rate, rapid breathing, flushed face, sweaty palms, etc., fueled by cognitive interpretations of situations.

anger management

Systematic efforts to reduce people's emotional feelings of anger and the physiological arousal it causes.

stress

The pattern of emotional and physiological reactions occurring in response to demands from within or outside an organization.

stressor

Any demands, either physical or psychological in nature, encountered during the course of living.

acute stressor

Stressors that bring some form of sudden change that threatens us either physically or psychologically, requiring people to make unwanted adjustments.

episodic stressor

The result of experiencing several acute stressors in a short period of time.

chronic stressor

The most extreme type of stressor, constant and unrelenting in nature, and having a long-term effect on the body, mind, and spirit.

cognitive appraisal

A judgment about the stressfulness of a situation based on the extent to which someone perceives a stressor as threatening and is capable of coping with its demands.

fight response

An automatic response of aggression to a dangerous situation.

flight response

An automatic rapid escape from a dangerous situation.

strain

Deviations from normal states of human functioning resulting from prolonged exposure to stressful events.

resiliency

The extent to which one is able to "bounce back" from potentially stressful situations without being harmed by them.

burnout

A syndrome of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion coupled with feelings of low self-esteem or low self-efficacy, resulting from prolonged exposure to intense stress and the strain reactions following from them.

role juggling

The need to switch back and forth between the demands of work and family

role conflict

Incompatibilities between the various set of obligations people face

Sexual harrassment

Unwanted contact or communication of a sectual nature, usually against women

Role ambiguity

Uncertainty about what one is expected to do on a job

Information anxiety

Pressure to store and process a great deal of information in our head and to keep up constantly with gathering it

Social support

The friendship and support of others which help minimize reactions to stress

Desk. Rage

Lashing out at others in response to stressful encounters on the job

Employee assistance programs (eat)

Plans offered by employers that provide their employees with assistance for various personal problems, such as substance abuse, career planning, financial, and legal problems.

member assistance programs (MAPs)

Plans offered by trade unions that provide their members with assistance for various personal problems, such as substance abuse, career planning, financial, and legal problems.

stress management programs

Systematic efforts to train employees in a variety of techniques that they can use to become less adversely affected by stress.

wellness programs

Company-wide programs in which employees receive training regarding things they can do to promote healthy lifestyles.

presenteeism

The practice of showing up for work but being too sick to be able to work effectively.

time management

The practice of taking control over how we spend time.

meditation

The process of learning to clear one's mind of external thoughts, often by repeating slowly and rhythmically a single syllable (known as a mantra).

emotions

Overt reactions that express feelings about events