descent with modification - hardy weinberg

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20 Terms

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gradualism

slow change over time to a population or species

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uniformitarianism

the same geologic processes of yesterday are also occurring today

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use and disuse

if a body part is used more, it will adapt to fit habitat better

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inheritance of acquired characteristics

the modifications made in use and disuse can then be passed on to offspring

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descent with modification

all organisms are related

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natural selection

evolutionary adaptation is the accumulation of inherited characteristics. why does change happen?

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natural selection observation 1

a population will continue to increase exponentially if reproduction is successful

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natural selection observation 2

populations usually remain at a steady size

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natural selection observation 3

resources are limited

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natural selection inference 1

an increase in a population will result in competition for the limited resources

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natural selection observation 4

characteristics in a population vary between individuals

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natural selection observation 5

most of the variation in a population is heritable

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natural selection inference 2

survival of an individual will have something to do with the traits that were inherited. Individuals more fit for a habitat are more likely to survive, win resources, and reproduce

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natural selection inference 3

gradual change in a population where favorable traits accumulate will occur

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gene pool

all alleles at all loci of a population

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condition HWE 1

large pop size

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condition HWE 2

no gene flow between populations

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condition HWE 3

no mutations

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condition HWE 4

random mating

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condition HWE 5

no natural selection