The Politics of the late republic

Flashcards about Roman Politics of the Late Republic

The Late Roman Republic was a period of __ and conflicting views on how the Roman state should function.

upheaval

Learners will study the political thought of the period from Sulla’s retirement in 79 BC to the death of __ in 43 BC.

Cicero

The Roman social hierarchy included patrician and plebeian families, the nobiles (nobles) the __, and the idea of a novus homo (new man)

equites

The offices of the __ was included in the res publica and the organisation of the state.

cursus honorum

__ (command) was part of the res publica and the organisation of the state.

Imperium

The ideas and views of the __ (favouring the people) and optimates or boni (aristocrats or Good Men)shaped the late Republic

populares

__ (alliance) and inimicitia (personal hostility), idealism and personal ambition played an important role in the late Republic

Amicitia

The influence of __ philosophy had an influence on Cato’s political life

Stoic

Cato's allegiance to the optimates or __ affected his legal and political activities

boni

The __ programme was a reason/significance of Caesar's first consulship

'popular'

Cicero’s ideas about the ideal state included the role of __ (‘agreement of the Orders’)

concordia ordinum

The ideal state of affairs according to Cicero was __ (‘peace with dignity’)

cum dignitate otium

Cicero attempted to reconcile senators and equites in the __ and the reasons why this failed

concordia ordinum

The courtroom setting, partial delivery and subsequent publication are some aspects of __

Cicero as orator: In Verrem 1

__is a device used in Roman legal oratory along with anaphora, apostrophe, tricolon, and hyperbole

Asyndeton

Recurring ideas and themes in Cicero's letters had a relationship to Cicero’s __ and political career

life

Key republican values were ‘both __ and competitive. ’

militaristic

The Republic was founded on the idea of __– libertas

liberty

The consuls did the governing and the people’s assemblies (the __ Assembly and the Tribal Assembly) did the legislating and electing of magistrates

Centuriate

__the domination of the system by a single individual, was too close to monarchy for comfort for many Romans

Dominatio

A minimum requirement of personal wealth totalling at least __ was required to stand for public office

400,000

Tribunes could prevent the arrest of a plebeian by a magistrate, were themselves inviolable, had the power to __ laws they did not like, and in theory at least, could present new laws to the people to vote on.

veto

By the third century, plebeians had won the right to marry into the aristocracy and they evolved into a new ‘middle class’ called the __ (also known as the knights, or equites)

equestrians

Senators were not allowed to engage with large scale trade, they were not allowed to own trading ships which could hold more than __ amphorae

300

Above all a Roman was concerned about his __

dignitas

To be an equestrian you had to own at least __ sesterces.

400,000

The __ were responsible for keeping count during voting

'tellers'

A tribute by the name of __ began agitating for reform and was eventually stoned to death.

Lucius Saturninus

Drusus proposed a reform package similar to those of __.

Gaius Gracchus

State of Emergency decrees were called a __ (SCU) or final decree

senatus consultum ultimum

The command against Mithridates was transferred to __ prompting Sulla to march on Rome.

Marius

Sulla landed in Italy in 83 and was joined by many nobles who had fled from __.

Marius and Cinna

In the 70's, __ ran an anti-Sullan campaign that included renewing the sale of subsidised corn, land reform, the recall of the Marian exiles and the restoration of the powers of the tribunes.

M. Aemilius Lepidus

Sertorius was murdered by one of his own officers __ in 72 BC.

Perperna

In 73 BC the trainee gladiators at a training school near Naples broke out of their compound and under the leadership of the gladiator slave, __.

Spartacus

The elections were held in mid-71 BC and __ and Crassus had no trouble in being elected.

Pompey

As part of their policy platform for 70 BC, Pompey and Crassus proposed restoring all the old __ of the tribunate, which they did once in office

legislative powers

_ was born in Arpinum, not far from Rome, in 106, the same year as Pompey

Cicero

The consulship was the highest magistracy that a Roman could be elected to, and it was a great honour to make it the top of the __.

senatorial career ladder, the cursus honorum

When Cicero was about twenty-five, the opportunity to take part in a very prominent legal case came his way, called __.

Pro Roscio Amerino

To just about everyone’s surprise, including Caecilia Metella, __ won the Pro Roscio Amerino case

Cicero

Cicero found time for a bit of sightseeing and re-discovered (so he said) the lost tomb of __, the Greek mathematician

Archimedes

Cicero was one of twenty new __ that year

quaestors

The prosecution of __ was one of the reasons that Cicero won election as aedile in the year Pompey was consul

Verres

In late 71 Gaius __ had returned to Rome after having served as governor of Sicily for three years

Verres

There were seven permanent courts established under the reforms of __ one for each of the major crimes the Romans were worried about

Sulla

Verres fled and washed up in __ with much of his wealth and art collection, where he remained until his death in 43 BC.

Massilia

The Senate lost its power over the extortion courts later that year with the passing of the __ later in the year

Aurelian Law

In Verres 1 Cicero said that the Sicilians had ‘__’ to take up the case

prevailed upon him

anaphora Asyndeton apostrophe Polysyndetion tricolon __

Praeteritio hyperbole

Action had been taken to battle the Cilician Pirates, but with only __ success.

moderate

In 68 BC a client of Pompey, called __ was elected as tribune.

Gabinius

Pompey responded to removing the pirate menace by founding one whole new town named after himself __

Pompeiopolis

In early 66, Manilius proposed a bill in favor of giving Pompey a special command in the east, This bill was known as the __ .

Manilian Law

Cicero first revealed his political ideal with the publication of his defence of __ towards the end of 66 BC.

Cluentius

__, a noble from a distinguished but relatively impoverished patrician family headed up the Conspiracy of Catiline

Lucius Sergius Catiline

The speech that Cicero delivered blackening Catiline as a dangerous revolutionary and promoting himself as the only one capable of keeping the peace is called __

'In Toga Candida'

The first time that __ established himself as a significant political figure was during Cicero’s year in office

Cato the Younger (Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis)

The Rabirius affair was ‘a pantomime’, although there is certainly the appearance of a pantomime, the case was far from being merely __.

theatrical

On the 8th Cicero delivered an oration in the Senate condemning Catiline as a revolutionary and a threat to public order, we call it the __.

First Catilinarian