THE BEST Master Esthetician Study Guide

What part of the body has no capillaries?

Epidermis

How are lymphatic vessels and veins alike?

Similar Structure

What are electrolytes?

Essential minerals—like sodium, calcium, and potassium—that are vital to many key functions in the body.

What causes lymphedema?

Blockage of lymphatic drainage

What does deoxygenated blood carry?

Waste

What makes up the fluid part of lymph?

White blood cells

What is an esthetic symptom of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)?

Excessive facial hair growth

Where are acne flare-ups common in the week before menstruation?

Chin and Jawline

Where do the small pinpoint bumps associated with keratosis pillars usually appear?

Back of arms or Cheeks

What is a symptom of hypothyroidism?

Weight gain, fatigue, & dry skin

What is a physical sign of an estrogen deficiency?

Very dry skin

Which gland produces melatonin?

Pineal

What does cortisol do when the body is stressed?

Increase blood sugar levels

Where does hirsutism usually strike in women experiencing hormonal fluctuations?

Face

How many major endocrine glands are there in the human body?

8

Where is the dispersing electrode usually placed when using mono-polar radio-frequency (RF) treatments?

Client's thigh or back.

What is a parameter by which laser hazard classifications are determined?

Laser output energy, or power & wavelengths

What is NOT a condition that lasers absorbed by oxyhemoglobin are used to treat?

Melasma

What is red LED light used for?

Reduce pain, build collagen, and increase circulation

What is a clinical application for a CO2 laser?

Ablative laser resurfacing.

What is NOT one of the basic types of light that make up the electromagnetic spectrum?

Incandescent

What are the 4 characteristics of lasers?

Coherence, Directionality, Monochromatic, High intensity.

What is not a characteristic of lasers?

Divergent is not a characteristics of laser.

Describe laser

Monochromatic (single color), coherent (organized), collimated (tight, parallel beam)

What 3 parts does a laser need in order to work properly?

Energy source, active medium, & optical cavity

What is a unit that measures the wavelength of light?

Nanometer

What light is outside of the visible spectrum?

Ultraviolet

Why do UV rays damage the skin?

The rays are shorter and mainly absorbed by the outer layers of the skin.

What are the 3 types of chromophores?

Melanin, Hemoglobin, & Water

Which laser is designed for Tattoo Removal?

Q-Switch

What are 4 types of light-tissue effects?

S.T.A.R.
Scatter,
Transmission
Absorption
Reflection

What is the optimal tissue response with laser?

Absorption

What are the 3 settings YOU will control on the laser?

Spot size, wavelength, & fluence

What chromophore does a ND:YAG target?

Oxyhemoglobin

What laser works well to treat hair removal in Fitz V & VI?

ND:YAG

Targets blood supply to dermal papilla

What is IPL?

Broad-spectrum of light that targets melanin and hemoglobin

Which laser is most effective for hair removal on Fitz II - IV?

Alexandrite

What is clinical use for LED therapy?

Reduction of pain

What color LED is used for acne skin?

Blue

What is NOT one of the three I's of the Roberts Skin Type Classification System?

Irritation

What Fitzpatrick skin type is common amongst people of Mediterranean backgrounds?

Type IV

What Glogau classification includes severe acne scarring?

Type IV

What is a characteristic of a person with a type I Glogau classification?

No wrinkles at rest or while moving

What Fitzpatrick type is common amongst people of a primarily Scottish background?

Type I

What type of treatment is indicated for a client with a level two Rubin's classification?

Medium-Depth Peel

What is a characteristic of women with androgen isotypes?

Oilier skin

What element is related to redness and couperose skin in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Fire

What do moisturizers typically help skin to do?

Retain Moisture

What term refers to a condensation reaction of an alcohol and an acid that yields an ester and water?

Esterification

What is a common side effect of AHA use?

Chemical Folliculitis

What can cause the skin to lose moisture?

Damage to the barrier of the skin

Where should you use an AHA when treating a client with a blemish?

Over the entire area with a tendency to blemish

What do titanium dioxide and zinc oxide do when used in sunscreen?

Protect against both UVA and UVB light

What do free radicals do?

They cause damage to parts of cells such as proteins, DNA, and cell membranes by stealing their electrons

What is a characteristic of Vitamin C?

Rapidly deactivated when exposed to moisture and oxygen

What ingredient may be included in a performance cream to reduce the effects of hyperpigmentation?

Kojic Acid, Licorice Root, Vit C, Hydroquinone

What is a function of ascorbic acid?

Antioxidant (Vit C)

What type of product consists of a sealed glass vial containing concentrated ingredients?

Ampoule

What should a cleanser do?

Remove debris/makeup, while maintaining the skin's natural protective barrier

What is NOT an ingredient commonly used in masks designed for acne-prone skin?

Emollients

What does the term proteolytic mean?

Protein-Dissolving

Explain AHA's.

They are water-loving and work through the hydrophilic aspect of the epidermis

What does superficial exfoliation do?

Improve rough textures

What is the FINAL building block of treatment?

Protection

What chemical is used in deep peeling?

Phenol

What Fitzpatrick skin types are not good candidates for chemical exfoliation?

V and VI

What type of products are recommended for clients who use retinoids?

Hydrating

What type of excess hair growth is androgen dependent?

Hirsutism

What is Poikiloderma of Civatte?

Red or Brown discoloration on the chin and neck from UV damage

What Fitzpatrick skin type is NOT appropriate for laser hair removal using an alexandrite laser?

Type V & VI

What is NOT an indication for electrodessication?

Wrinkles

How often should IPL maintenance treatments be performed?

Every 6 to 12 months.

Thermal relaxation time (TRT) is the time it takes for _______ percent of heat energy to be dissipated from the target tissue.

50%

What color LED light is used to lessen hyperpigmentation, reduce redness, and calm/soothe the skin?

Green

What is considered an acceptable spot size for laser hair removal?

12 to 18 Millimeters

What does the handpick used with an ultrasonic device for cavitation resemble?

Spatula

How long does it take for hypopigmentation that results as a side effect of a treatment to resolve itself.

Up to 2 years.

What are the side effects of laser hair removal?

Edema, Erythema, Hyperpigmentation, & Crusting

What is the protocol for lengthening muscles with microcurrent?

Start at the belly and move outward toward the origin and insertion.

What does Microneedling do?

It stimulates collagen growth

What is particularly suited to pre-surgical treatment because of its gentle hydrating and exfoliating benefits?

Ultrasonic

What should be the LAST treatment performed before surgery?

Hydrating Facial

How long after jowl/neck/chin liposuction must the patient wear a chin/neck bra continuously?

First 48 to 72 Hours

Formation of new epidermis is also called ______.

Reepitheliazation

What do pre-laser products focus most intensively on?

Exfoliation

What should NOT be used as an exfoliant in a pre-surgery home care kit?

Vitamin C Derivatives

What type of skin can oncology patient's have?

Fragile, dry, & dehydrated

How long before a client has surgery or an ablative procedure, should you begin a treatment plan to improve the healing process and overall outcome?

8 Weeks

How often should the patient apply solution soaks to the area after the physician removes the dressing after CO2/Erbium nD:YAG laser resurfacing treatment?

Every 2 to 3 Hours

What condition is a sign that you should refer the client back to the physician after a surgical procedure?

Unexpected changes to the wound

A key ingredient in cleansers is ___________.

Enzymes

How long after CO2/Erbium Nd:YAG laser resurfacing does reepitheliazation occur?

3 to 14 Days

How long after a blepharoplasty may the client return to using a hydrating eye cream?

2 Weeks

Why is it important to be knowledgeable about medical skin procedures?

To help you recommend proper pre & post-treatment services

What basic strengths do glycolic acids come in for use as peeling agents?

15% and 30%. Anything above is MD only.

What procedure is out of the estheticians scope of practice?

Botox and Fillers

What is eyelid pytosis?

The eyelid is paralyzed. Can be caused from Botox.

What is the bacterium from which Botox Cosmetic and Dysport are derived?

Botulinum Toxin

What service falls within the field of esthetics as opposed to the field of medical esthetics?

Microdermabrasion

Where on the face can a careless product injection lead to eyelid ptosis?

Lower forehead