Male and Female Pelvis

Linea Terminalis

pelvic brim that extends from the sacral promontory to the pubic symphysis

Where is the true and false pelvis in regards to the Linea Terminalis?

-True Pelvis = inferior

-False Pelvis = superior

What does the Linea Terminalis contain?

bladder, distal ureters, bowel, female reproductive organs

Psoas Muscle

orginates along the lateral spineI

Iliacus Muscle

originates at the superior iliac foss and iliac crest

Iliopsoas

distal psoas combines with iliacus; common tendon attaches to lesser trochanter of femur

-lateral landmark of true pelvis

Piriformis Muscle

posterior to uterus, ovaries, vagina, rectum; often mistaken for ovaries

-origin = anterior surface of sacrum

-insertion = greater trochanter of femur

Sciatic Nerve

largest nerve in the body; runs underneath piriformis muscle

-origin = lower lumbar and upper sacral nerves

Obturator Internus

lies posterior and medial to iliopsoas and vagina level

-origin = anterior lateral margins of true pelvis

-insertion = greater trochanter of femur

Levator Ani

group of muscles that form pelvic floor; supports and positions pelvic organs

What muscles are included in the Levator Ani?

Puborectalis, Iliococcygeus, Pubococcygeus

Testicle

egg-shaped organ the scrotum; produces sperm and male hormones

Epididymis

duct posterior to testicle, transports sperm to Vas Deferens

Vas Deferens

transports sperm from Epididymis to Urethra

Ejaculatory Duct

formed where Vas Deferens meet Seminal Vesicle; passes through Prostate and open into Urethra

Seminal Vesicles

paired glands posterior to bladder and male urethra

Prostate

gland surrounding neck of urinary bladder and male urethra

Bulbourethral Glands

pea-shaped glands inferior to prostate and proximal to penis tissue

Corpus Cavernosum

tow mosses of erectile tissue (anterior) forming most of the penis

Corpus Spongiosum

single smaller mass of erectile tissue surrounding the urethra (posterior)

Transabdominal Bladder and Prostate

-TRV = bladder anterior; prostate posterior

-Sag. = prostate posterior and inferior to bladder

Ovaries

paired elliptical endocrine glands locates lateral to uterus

Fallopian Tubes

paired muscular tubes transport ova from surface of ovary to endometrial cavity

Endometirum

mucus membrane lining the uterus

Myometrium

middle layer of uterus (smooth muscle)

Serosa (Perimetrium)

outer layer of uterus (part of peritoneum)

Cervix

narrow lower end of uterus

Internal Os

opening from uterus to cervix

External Os

opening from cervix to vagina

Vagina

tube connecting cervix to exterior body

Broad Ligament

-double-fold of peritoneum covering fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, and blood vessels

-extends to form lateral walls of uterus to sidewalls of pelvis

Cardinal Ligament

thickening of base of broad ligament attaches lateral cerivx and vagina to pelvic wall

Ovarian Ligament

extends from cornua (uterine horns) to medial aspect of ovary

Round Ligament

arises from cornua anterior to fallopian tubes and extends to pelvic side walls

Suspensory/Infundibulopeliv Ligament

extends from lateral ovary to pelvic side wall

Internal Iliac Arteries

branch of common iliac; posterior to uterus and ovaries

Uterine Arteries

branch of internal iliac arteries; supply vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries

Arcuate Arteries

branch of uterine arteries; prominent vessels in outer 1/3 of myometirum

Ovarian Arteries

branch of aorta must inferior to renal arteries; supply ovaries

Ovarian Veins

right empties into IVC, left empties into left renal vein

Pelvic Spaces

Retro-Uterine pouch, Anterior Cul De Sac, Space of Retzius

Retro-Uterine Pouch

(aka Pouch of Douglas/Posterior Cul De Sac); -

-anterior to rectum and posterior to uterus-inferior space in pelvic cavity

-most likely site for fluid accumulation

Anterior Cul De Sac

(aka Vesicouterine Pouch);

-anterior to uterus posterior to bladder

Space of Retzius

(aka Retropubic Space/Prevesicle Space)

-anterior to bladder posterior to Pubic Symphysis