Crime

social challenge (noun) /ˈsəʊʃl ˈtʃælɪndʒ/

Thách thức xã hội. Access to quality education remains a significant social challenge for many rural communities.

inherently bad nature (noun) /ɪnˈherəntli bæd ˈneɪtʃə(r)/

Bản chất xấu bẩm sinh. Some people believe that criminal behavior stems from an inherently bad nature.

innate moral failing (noun) /ɪˈneɪt ˈmɒrəl ˈfeɪlɪŋ/

Thiếu hụt đạo đức bẩm sinh. His decision to steal was not due to any innate moral failing.

external influence (noun) /ɪkˈstɜːnl ˈɪnfluəns/

Ảnh hưởng bên ngoài. Peer pressure can be a powerful external influence.

morally indifferent (adj) /ˈmɒrəli ɪnˈdɪfrənt/

Thờ ơ về đạo đức. Some wealthy individuals are morally indifferent to the struggles of the poor.

break the law (verb) /breɪk ðə lɔː/

Vi phạm pháp luật. Desperate individuals might break the law when they feel they have no other means to survive.

white-collar crime (noun) /ˌwaɪt ˈkɒlə kraɪm/

Tội phạm kinh tế. White-collar crime, such as insider trading and tax evasion, can often go unnoticed.

fraud or embezzlement (noun) /frɔːd ɔː(r) ɪmˈbezlmənt/

Gian lận hoặc tham ô. Executives were arrested for fraud or embezzlement.

psychological disorder (noun) /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl dɪsˈɔːdə(r)/

Rối loạn tâm lý. A psychological disorder can contribute to antisocial behavior.

impulsivity (noun) /ˌɪmpʌlˈsɪvəti/

Tính bốc đồng. His impulsivity led him to make decisions without considering the long-term consequences.

antisocial behavior (noun) /ˌæntiˈsəʊʃl bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/

Hành vi chống đối xã hội. Antisocial behavior is often seen in individuals who experienced trauma.

deprived area (noun) /dɪˈpraɪvd ˈeəriə/

Khu vực thiếu thốn. Living in a deprived area can limit access to quality education and employment.

illegal action (noun) /ɪˈliːɡl ˈækʃən/

Hành động bất hợp pháp. Many people resort to illegal action due to economic hardship.

urban slum (noun) /ˈɜːbən slʌm/

Khu ổ chuột đô thị. Urban slums are marked by overcrowding and poor sanitation.

normalize criminal behavior (verb) /ˈnɔːməlaɪz ˈkrɪmɪnl bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/

Bình thường hóa hành vi tội phạm. Growing up around crime can normalize criminal behavior.

lack positive role models (verb) /læk ˈpɒzətɪv rəʊl ˈmɒdlz/

Thiếu hình mẫu tích cực. A lack of positive role models can result in poor decisions and delinquent behavior.

social challenges/issues

social problems

widely debated (adj) /ˈwaɪdli dɪˈbeɪtɪd/

Được tranh luận rộng rãi. The causes of youth crime are widely debated among sociologists.

stem from (phrasal verb) /stem frəm/

Bắt nguồn từ. His criminal actions stem from a troubled childhood.

hold merit (verb phrase) /həʊld ˈmerɪt/

Có giá trị, có lý. The argument that poverty causes crime holds merit in many studies.

commit crime (verb phrase) /kəˈmɪt kraɪm/

Phạm tội. People in desperate situations are more likely to commit crime.

personality traits (noun) /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti treɪts/

Đặc điểm tính cách. Certain personality traits, like impulsiveness, can be linked to criminal tendencies.

increase the likelihood of sth (verb phrase) /ɪnˈkriːs ðə ˈlaɪklihʊd əv/

Tăng khả năng xảy ra điều gì. Living in poverty increases the likelihood of engaging in illegal activity.

key driver (noun) /kiː ˈdraɪvə(r)/

Nhân tố chính thúc đẩy. Unemployment is often a key driver of urban crime.

criminal behaviour (noun) /ˈkrɪmɪnl bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/

Hành vi phạm tội. Schools play a role in preventing criminal behaviour through education.

frustration (noun) /frʌˈstreɪʃn/

Sự thất vọng, sự bực tức. Joblessness can cause deep frustration, leading to violence.

desperation (noun) /ˌdespəˈreɪʃn/

Sự tuyệt vọng. In desperation, he turned to theft to feed his family.

drug trafficking (noun) /drʌɡ ˈtræfɪkɪŋ/

Buôn bán ma túy. He was arrested for being involved in international drug trafficking.

Psychological predispositions

Khuynh hướng tâm lý. Psychological predispositions may make some individuals more vulnerable to criminal activity.

adopt criminal behavior.

Tiếp nhận hành vi phạm tội. Children exposed to violence may adopt criminal behavior as a learned response.

be often cited as its chief virtue

be seen as its primary/the most significant advantages

incarceration /ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃn/

(noun). sự bỏ tù, sự giam giữ🔹 Incarceration alone cannot solve the root causes of crime.

be heralded as /bi ˈherəldɪd æz/

(verb). được ca ngợi là🔹 The program was heralded as a breakthrough in criminal justice reform.

shortcoming /ˈʃɔːtkʌmɪŋ/

(noun). thiếu sót, điểm yếu🔹 The policy has serious shortcomings that must be addressed.

standalone /ˈstændələʊn/

(adj). độc lập, riêng lẻ🔹 Incarceration should not be seen as a standalone solution.

the looming prospect /ðə ˈluːmɪŋ ˈprɒspekt/

(noun). viễn cảnh đáng lo ngại đang đến gần🔹 Many fear the looming prospect of economic recession.

instill /ɪnˈstɪl/

(verb). thấm nhuần, truyền dẫn (ý thức)🔹 Schools should instill values like honesty and compassion.

wrongdoer /ˈrɒŋˌduːə(r)/

(noun). người làm điều sai trái, kẻ phạm tội🔹 The law punishes wrongdoers but also offers chances for reform.

appraise /əˈpreɪz/

(verb). đánh giá, thẩm định🔹 The teacher appraised each student's performance fairly.

be less inclined to do sth /bi les ɪnˈklaɪnd tuː/

(phrase). ít có xu hướng làm gì🔹 After rehabilitation, inmates are less inclined to re-offend.

sequester /sɪˈkwestə(r)/

(verb). cô lập, cách ly🔹 Dangerous offenders were sequestered from the general prison population.

a long-term remedy /ə ˈlɒŋ tɜːm ˈremədi/

(noun). giải pháp lâu dài🔹 Education is a long-term remedy for poverty and crime.

re-offending /ˌriːəˈfendɪŋ/

(noun). tái phạm🔹 Effective support programs can reduce re-offending rates.

inmates /ˈɪnmeɪts/

(noun). tù nhân🔹 Inmates in the program receive training and counseling.

reintegrate /ˌriːˈɪntɪɡreɪt/

(verb). tái hòa nhập (xã hội)🔹 The goal is to help prisoners reintegrate into society successfully.

revert to sth /rɪˈvɜːt tuː/

(verb). trở lại (trạng thái, hành vi)🔹 Without guidance, offenders may revert to old habits.

socio-economic toll /ˌsəʊsiəʊ ˌekəˈnɒmɪk təʊl/

(noun). tổn thất kinh tế – xã hội🔹 The rising prison population has taken a socio-economic toll on the nation.

place a heavy burden on sth /pleɪs ə ˈhevi ˈbɜːdn ɒn/

(verb). gây gánh nặng lớn lên cái gì đó🔹 Long-term incarceration places a heavy burden on taxpayers.

underwrite /ˈʌndəraɪt/

(verb). tài trợ, bảo lãnh tài chính🔹 The government agreed to underwrite the rehabilitation program.

upkeep /ˈʌpkiːp/

(noun). chi phí bảo trì, duy trì🔹 The upkeep of prisons is extremely costly.

deter crime /dɪˈtɜː kraɪm/

(verb). ngăn chặn tội phạm🔹 Stricter patrols aim to deter crime in high-risk neighborhoods.

incapacitate /ˌɪn.kəˈpæsɪteɪt/

(verb). làm mất khả năng🔹 Life sentences are intended to incapacitate offenders who pose a threat to society.

confinement /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

(noun). giam giữ🔹 Juveniles are often placed under confinement in secure facilities rather than adult prisons.

serial offender /ˈsɪəriəl əˈfendər/

(noun). kẻ phạm tội hàng loạt🔹 The police prioritized capturing the serial offender responsible for multiple break-ins.

high-security wing /ˌhaɪ sɪˈkjʊərəti wɪŋ/

(noun). khu vực an ninh cao🔹 The high-security wing houses inmates convicted of the most violent crimes.

recidivism /rɪˈsɪdɪvɪz(ə)m/

(noun). tái phạm🔹 Effective education programs in prisons can reduce recidivism rates.

rehabilitation programme /ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn ˈprəʊɡræm/

(noun). chương trình tái định cư (cho tù nhân sau khi ra tù)🔹 The new rehabilitation programme focuses on therapy and life skills training.

vocational training /vəʊˈkeɪʃənl ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

(noun). đào tạo nghề🔹 Inmates receive vocational training to improve their job prospects upon release.

psychological support /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl səˈpɔːt/

(noun). hỗ trợ tâm lý🔹 Access to psychological support is crucial for offenders coping with trauma.

socio-economic burden /ˌsəʊsiəʊˌekəˈnɒmɪk ˈbɜːdn/

(noun). gánh nặng kinh tế xã hội🔹 High recidivism imposes a significant socio-economic burden on taxpayers.

alternative sanction /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv ˈsæŋkʃən/

(noun). biện pháp trừng phạt thay thế🔹 Courts may impose alternative sanctions like community service instead of prison time.

crime-prevention initiative /ˈkraɪm prɪˈvenʃn ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

(noun). sáng kiến phòng ngừa tội phạm🔹 The city launched a crime-prevention initiative that partners police with local youth programs.