Kinesiology Exam 3

Human ancestors had to ____, sometimes _____, in order to eat

move; long distances

We know that today we are ______ than our ancestors

far less active

The human body is designed to _____

eat more calories than we need

How many hours did humans work during the Paleolithic era?

20 hours per week

What were our ancestors during the Paleolithic era?

hunter-gathers

What does Paleolithic mean?

old stone

Paleolithic Era

The longest period in human history

Archeology defintion

looking at the material record

Ethology definition

study of animal behavior

Anthropology definition

the study of human cultures

Humans were _____ predators

super endurance

Persistent hunting

a combination of running, walking and tracking to chase prey until it collapses from exhaustion

Physiological strengths humans used to hunt

Bipedalism, thermoregulation, vision

Why did gender divisions occur between man the hunter and women the gatherer?

women were evolutionary terms more valuable than men

What are the foundations of sport and physical education?

hunting, warfare, religion

When was agriculture invented?

during the neolithic era

When did the Paleolithic period end and the neolithic era begin?

10,000 bce

Characteristics of the neolithic era

domestication, sedentary cultures, population growth, record keeping and writing, food surpluses and humans worked longer hours

Paradox definition

a set of seemingly contradictory statements that upon closer examinations can both be true

During the Neolithic era, we had ____ and _____ than ever before, however, we were also ____ than during the previous era

more food, more people, much less healthy people

What are some historical reasons why physical inactivity has increased?

technological changes, bonnie prudden, the presidents physical fitness test

How long has exercise been around for?

about 100 years

How many money does the exercise/fitness industry make?

96 billion

Adult activity recommendations

150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week along with at least 2 days a week muscle-strengthing activity

Kids activity recommendations

60 minutes of activity everyday

Teens activity recommendations

60 minutes everyday, at least 3 days a week muscle-strengthing, at least 3 days a week bone-strengthening

What percentage of children aged 11-17 do not meet physical activity recommendations?

80%

What percent of Americans adults report not physical activity outside of their jobs?

25.3%

The sociological imagination

develops “vibe awareness of the relationship between personal and experience and the wider society”

Our hunter-gatherer lifestyle prevented a ____

physical activity epidemic

In many pre-industrial societies, being ____ was a sign of _____ and _____

heavier; high status and beauty

What changes did the industrial revolution (1700-1800s) bring about physical activity?

created conditions for physical inactivity & people became concerned with the lack of physical activity so they created exercise to supplement it

Industry/Industrial definition

the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods

When was the first automobile invented?

1885

How long did it take to make one automobile?

12 hours

What changes did the technological revolution bring about on labor?

Work repetitive, jobs in factories, 11 hour unclean work days, work became emasculating

The physical shape of american draftees during WWll was pitiful. How many were rejected and why?

30% were rejected because of poor physical fitness

Between 1948 and 1958 what percent of homes being built in the US were located in the suburbs?

85%

Who discovered the kraus-weber test and used it to evaluate the health of american childern?

Bonnie Prudden

What came about because prudden’s research is the “report that shocked the president”

presidents physical fitness test

What are some problems with the presidents physical fitness test?

test was never practiced, results were never used, you can be healthy without passing

What are the social determinants of health?

education access and quality, healthcare access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, social and community context, and economic stability

No child left behind act

prioritized academic performance at the expense of physical activity

What percentage of children are twice as likely to be sedentary outside of school is PE is cut from the curriculum?

45.2%

Kids who play sports are ____ more likely to be physically active at age ___ than those who do not play sports

8 time; 24

Health definition

a state of complete physical, mental and social well being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Has ___ health become synonymous with ____ internal health?

internal;external

What is growing of online phenomenon with the goal of motivating individuals to pursue a fit and healthy lifestyle

fitspiration/fitspo

The celebration of dangerously thin bodies that encourage problematic eating behaviors

thinspiration

What are the implications of headless women?

dehumanizing, objectifying, sexualizing

While ____ ideals affect primarily women, men are equal targets in the ___ mania

thin; muscle

For many young men the idea of ___ has become practically a digital rite of passage in today’s culture

muscle worship

Healthism definition

the preoccupation with personal well-being as the primary focus for the definition and achievement of well-being