Homeostasis Note Cards

DP2 Biology section D3.3. Basic info on hormones and kidney function

Negative Feedback Loop

Response to stimuli that brings the body back to a certain point (Decreases stimuli). Most often involves two hormones

Positive Feedback Loop

Response to stimuli that continues to increase exponentially (Increases stimuli, think, aging/ripening of fruit)

Tyrosine Kinase

Receptor for insulin that signals for pathways to move vesicles containing chemicals required for glucose breakdown

Hypothalamus

Links nervous system to endocrine system, allowing for stimulation of pituitary gland

Pituitary Gland

Creates(Anterior)/Stores(Posterior) hormones utilized to maintain homeostasis

Peripheral Thermoreceptors

Thermoreceptors that detect heat loss from skin/visceral organs

Central Thermoreceptors

Thermoreceptors that monitor body temperature from hypothalamus

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Hormone released by hypothalamus targeting the pituitary gland used to increase metabolic rate (temperature)

Thyrotropin/ Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)

Hormone released by pituitary gland that causes thyroid to release thyroxin

Temperature Deviation effectors

Muscle constriction, blood vessel dilation, sweat gland activation, hair erection, brown adipose tissue (metabolic fat)

Melatonin regulation

When light hits the retina, SCN sends message to pineal gland to regulate melatonin

osmoregulation

active maintanence of solute concentration of fluids to manage water content

Nephron

Cell designed for kidney function/ separation of waste

Glomerulus

Globular container found in Bowman’s Capsule where smaller solute materials (Water, salt, sugar, toxins) are filtered out using the pressure of blood

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Tubule closest to glomerulus that carries filtered materials to Loop of Henle and reabsorbs important materials

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Tubule furthest from Glumerulus that leads to Collecting Duct

Loop of Henle

Section composed of descending/ ascending limb. ascending limb contains sodium pumps to create concentration gradient, allowing for water in descending limb to be pulled via osmosis

Osmolarity

Solute concentration in bloodstream

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Hormone detected by hypothalamus and secreted by pituitary gland targeting collecting duct that creates aquaporins (Small holes in duct allowing water to pass through)

Vasoconstriction/Vasodilation

Constriction/Dilation of blood vessels

Changes in Blood supply based on activity

In order to balance blood volume, blood flow is reduced in areas based on situations (Think; exercise causes blood to target muscles and not the brain, and vice versa when in REM sleep)

Collecting Duct

Intakes filtered materials after collecting important materials before excreting waste to bladder