Urinary System/Male Reproductive System/Female Reproductive System

balanitis

inflammation of the foreskin covering the glans penis caused by bacteria, fungi, or a virus

hypogonadism

when the male has a decrease or lack of the hormone testosterone

phimosis

the stenosis of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis

paraphimosis

where the foreskin has been moved behind the head of the penis and cannot be placed back over the glans penis

albumin/o

albumin, protein

azot/o

nitrogenous compounds

bacteri/o

bacteria

kal/i

potassium

keton/o

ketone bodies (includes acids and acetones)

lith/o

stone, calculus

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty

py/o

pus

-genesis

forming, producing, origin

-iasis

abnormal condition (produced by something specific)

dia-

through, across

retro-

behind, backward

crypt/o

hidden

genit/o

genitalia

gonad/o

gonads, sex glands

test/o

testis

perine/o

perineum

varic/o

dilated vein

vesicul/o

seminal vesicle

-cide

killing

-ism

condition

-spadias

slit, fissure

brachy-

short

epi-

above, upon

reposition

to move all or a portion of a body part to its normal location or other suitable location

change

taking out or off a device from a body part and putting back an identical or similar device in or on the same body part without cutting or puncturing the skin or a mucous membrane

fragmentation

breaking solid matter in a body part into pieces

inspection

visually and/or manually exploring a body part

antibiotic

acts on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes

cipro, bactrim

antibiotics

antispasmodic

relaxes smooth muscle wall tissue

ditropan

antispasmodic

diuretic

promotes and increases urine excretion

lasix, aldactone

diuretics

potassium supplement

replaces potassium due to depletion by diuretics

K-tab, kaon chloride, potassium chloride

potassium supplements

androgen

corrects hormone deficiencies

androderm, testim, depo-testosterone

androgens

antiandrogen

suppresses the production of androgen

eulexin, flutamide, nilutamide, nilandron

antiandrogens

anti-impotence agent

increases blood flow to the penis

levitra, viagra

anti-impotence agents

antiviral

inhibits virus development

zovirax, famvir, famciclovir, acyclovir

antivirals

amino acid

the basic building block for protein

ammonia

toxic breakdown product of amino acids

bladder

hollow sac that holds fluid

excretion

removal of waste products of metabolism out of the body

kidney

organ of excretion

nephrology

medical specialty of diseases of the kidney

nitrogenous

containing or generating nitrogen

renal

pertaining to the kidney

urea

end product of nitrogen metabolism expelled in urine

ureter

tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder

urethra

canal leading from the bladder to outside

urine

fluid and dissolved substances excreted by kidney

urology

medical specialty of disorders of the urinary system

calyx

funnel-shaped structure

cortex

outer portion of an organ

erythropoietin

protein secreted by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production

filter

a porous substance through which a liquid or gas is passed to separate out contained particles

glomerulus

plexus of capillaries; part of a nephron

hilum

the part where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

medulla

central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex

nephron

filtration unit of the kidney; glomerulus + renal tubule

nephron loop

part of the renal tubule where reabsorption occurs

pelvis

a cup-shaped cavity

peritubular

surrounding the small renal tubules

permeable

allowing passage of substances through a membrane

semipermeable

freely permeable to water but not to solutes

impermeable

when nothing is allowed passage

absorb

to bring in

reabsorption

the taking back into the blood of substances that had previously been filtered out from it

renin

enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction

external

outside a structure or organ

intermittent

alternately ceasing and beginning again

internal

inside a structure or organ

meatus

the external opening of a passage

micturition

act of passing urine

oblique

slanting; projection that is neither frontal nor lateral

peristalsis

waves of alternate contraction and relaxation along a tube to move its contents onward

reflex

an involuntary response to a stimulus

reflux

backward flow

sphincter

band of muscle that encircles an opening; when the muscle contracts, the opening squeezes closed

urination

the passing of urine

void

to evacuate urine or feces

adenoma

benign tumor that originates from glandular tissue

benign

denoting the nonmalignant character of a neoplasm or illness

carcinoma

a cancerous (malignant) and invasive epithelial tumor

glomerulonephritis

infection of the glomeruli of the kidney

interstitial

pertaining to the spaces between cells in a tissue or organ

nephritis

inflammation of the kidney

nephroblastoma

cancerous kidney tumor of childhood

nephropathy

any disease of the kidney

nephrotic syndrome

glomerular disease with marked loss of protein