The Cell Quiz

Which of these correctly defines a prokaryotic cell?

-A cell without a nucleus

-A cell without cytoplasm

-A cell without a cell membrane

-A cell without ribosomes

A cell without a nucleus is the correct answer.

A prokaryotic cell is a cell that lacks a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria is an example of a prokaryotic organism. Prokaryotic cells have cell membranes, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.

Which of these structures does not differentiate a prokaryotic from a eukaryotic cell?

-Nucleus

-Type of DNA

-Cell membrane

-Organelles

Cell membrane is the correct answer.

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane that separates the contents of the cell from the external environment

Which of these is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 

-Vacuole

-Ribosome

-Endoplasmic reticulum

-Lysosome

Ribosome

The cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell has the following characteristic features except:

-It contains microtubules that stimulate cell movement.

-It has microfilaments made up of proteins.

-It has fibres that stabilize the cell.

-It is present inside the nucleus.

It is present inside the nucleus

The cytoskeleton is present inside the cytoplasm, which holds microfilaments, microtubules, and fibers that aid in cellular movement.

Which one of the following statements justifies the comparison of plant and animal cells?

-Both plant and animal cells have a cell wall.

-Animal cells have a fixed shape while plant cells have an irregular shape.

-Plant cells have only one large central vacuole, and animal cells have one or more small vacuoles.

-Chloroplast is present in both animal and plant cells.

Plant cells have only one large central vacuole, and animal cells have one or more small vacuoles i

Plant cells have one large central vacuole, making up to 90% of cell volume, that stores water. Animal cells have one or more smaller vacuoles that store nutrients, water, and waste material.

Which of the following best defines the function of the cell nucleus during reproduction? 

-The nucleus plays a major role in zygote formation.

-The nucleus contains hereditary units which are passed on from parents to offspring during reproduction.

-The nucleus helps the fertilization process by attracting the sperm cell to the egg cell.

-The nucleus is responsible for the production of egg and sperm cells.

The nucleus contains hereditary units which are passed on from parents to offspring during reproduction

The nucleus contains hereditary units in the form of DNA, which contains genes. The DNA is passed on from the parents to their offspring during reproduction.

Which of the following functions are carried out by the nucleus?

-The nucleus participates in the digestion of food molecules within the cell

-The nucleus controls the transcription of DNA into mRNA

-The nucleus is responsible for the storage of substances in the cell.

-The nucleus helps in the disposal of wastes from the cell

The nucleus controls the transcription of DNA into mRNA

The cell’s nucleus regulates the transcription process, within itself, and also the process of translation (protein synthesis) in the cytoplasm. It synthesizes mRNA during transcription and regulates its exit into the cytoplasm where protein synthesis takes place.

Which of these is a function of the ribosome? 

-Ribosomes carry out cellular respiration to release oxygen.

-Ribosomes help in transcribing the DNA information onto the RNA strand.

-Ribosomes are responsible for the intracellular digestion of waste products.

-Ribosomes help in amino acid assembly and in the formation of peptide bonds.

Ribosomes help in amino acid assembly and in the formation of peptide bonds

The main function of the ribosome is to aid in protein synthesis. Ribosomes are able to decode the mRNA and help in amino acid assembly. They also help in the formation of peptide bonds that link the amino acids together in order to form proteins

Which of the following body cells have large amounts of ribosomes? 

-Skin cell

-Muscle cell

-Adipose cell

-Egg cell

Muscle cell

The muscle cells / tissues have a large number of ribosomes and, therefore, a higher rate of protein synthesis. They require proteins that help in the contraction and relaxation of muscles or any muscle movement

Which of the following describes the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

-The endoplasmic reticulum is a double-membrane vesicle that transports proteins.

-The endoplasmic reticulum is a double-membraned organelle that contains nucleic acids.

-The endoplasmic reticulum is an interwoven network of membranes that extends from the surface of the nuclear membrane.

-The endoplasmic reticulum is a fibrous complex of proteins suspended in the cytoplasm.

The endoplasmic reticulum is an interwoven network of membranes that extends from the surface of the nuclear membrane

It is responsible for processing all the proteins

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? 

-Rough ER is responsible for the detoxification process.

-Rough ER helps in lipid storage.

-Rough ER helps primarily in protein metabolism.

-Rough ER helps in protein synthesis required for the rest of the cellular function.

Rough ER helps in protein synthesis required for the rest of the cellular function

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps in which of the following functions?

-Smooth ER aids in protein modification and folding process.

-Smooth ER helps to store old cellular materials that will eventually need to be digested.

-Smooth ER plays an important role in protein synthesis.

-Smooth ER regulates the synthesis of various lipids and hormones.

Smooth ER regulates the synthesis of various lipids and hormones

What is the main difference between the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? 

-The rough ER has ribosomes on its membrane surface whereas the smooth ER does not.

-The rough ER is present in the nucleus whereas the smooth ER is present in the cytoplasm.

-The rough ER is double membraned whereas the smooth ER is a single membraned organelle.

-The rough ER is responsible for detoxification whereas smooth ER is responsible for protein synthesis.

The rough ER has ribosomes on its membrane surface whereas the smooth ER does not

Which of the following is the function of the Golgi complex?

-The Golgi complex helps in sorting the new proteins into the vesicles.

-The Golgi complex aids in decoding mRNA.

-The Golgi complex helps in the storage of lipids.

-The Golgi complex helps the endoplasmic reticulum to synthesize the proteins.

The Golgi complex helps in sorting the new proteins into the vesicles

Which of these functions is performed by lysosomes? 

-Lysosomes help in destroying foreign substances.

-Lysosomes contain specific enzymes that help in carrying out the body’s process of food digestion.

-Lysosomes have a basic internal pH that helps disintegrate the cell.

-Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion and disintegrate the cell after its death.

Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion and disintegrate the cell after its death

Certain dead cells and foreign substances are normally removed from our cells with the help of cellular digestive enzymes. Which organelles contain these enzymes? 

-Nucleus

-Endoplasmic reticulum

-Golgi complex

-Lysosomes

Lysosomes

Which of the following statements correctly describes plant vacuoles? 

-Vacuoles are a complex network of proteins that help in photosynthesis.

-Vacuoles are small membrane vesicles that help in digesting the wastes from the body.

-Vacuoles are empty spaces that exert pressure on the cell wall known as the turgor pressure.

-Vacuoles are empty spaces that are f

Vacuoles are empty spaces that exert pressure on the cell wall known as the turgor pressure

Vacuoles are large empty spaces that cover almost 90% of the cytoplasm and maintain the turgor pressure. Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the cell membrane up against the cell wall. It plays an important role in a plant’s growth, development, and overall functioning. 

Vacuoles also store various substances like salts, minerals, and proteins

Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of phagocytosis?

-Phagocytosis is the process where the vesicles pinch off from a membrane to transport the substances.

-Phagocytosis is the process where the cell membrane invaginates to engulf food particles and forms a vacuole, within, to digest them.

-Phagocytosis is the process of digesting food particles with the help of digestive enzymes.

-Phagocytosis is the process of excreting the digested food particles through vesicle formation.

Phagocytosis is the process where the cell membrane invaginates to engulf food particles and forms a vacuole, within, to digest them

Phagocytosis is the process of ingesting food particles from the outside. The cell membrane invaginates to engulf the food and forms a vacuole. The food particles are later digested within this vacuole

Which of the following statements about plant vacuoles is correct?

-Plant cells have numerous small vacuoles whereas animal cells have only one large vacuole.

-Plant and animal cells have numerous vacuoles that differ in size.

-Plant cells have only one large vacuole whereas animal cells have numerous small vacuoles.

-Plant cells have one large vacuole whereas animal cells do not have any vacuoles.

Plant cells have only one large vacuole whereas animal cells have numerous small vacuoles

Plant cells have one large vacuole in the center which occupies almost 90% of the cytoplasmic space whereas animal cells have numerous vacuoles which are smaller in size

Which of the following statements correctly describes mitochondria? 

-Mitochondria is responsible for translating mRNA sequences in the cytoplasm.

-Mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration in both plants and animals.

-Mitochondria can carry out photosynthesis and produce energy.

-Mitochondria contains digestive enzymes.

Mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration in both plants and animals

Mitochondria carry out the most vital function in the cell. What are the end products of this physiological reaction?

-The end products consist of ATP molecules and glucose with oxygen as a byproduct.

-The end products mainly consist of large amounts of carbon dioxide and water.

-The end products mainly consist of ATP molecules with water and carbon dioxide as the byproducts.

The end products mainly consist of ATP molecules with water and carbon dioxide as the byproducts

Which of the following statements is true?

-Plant cells contain Golgi complexes that aid in the process of photosynthesis.

-Plant cells contain chloroplasts, photosynthetic organelles which have chlorophyll pigments within.

-Plant cells contain mitochondria that help in the process of photosynthesis

-Plant cells contain both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum that carry out photosynthesis.

Plant cells contain chloroplasts, photosynthetic organelles which have chlorophyll pigments within

Which of the following cell organelles are found in plants but not in animal cells?

-Mitochondria

-Vacuoles

-Chloroplasts

-Endoplasmic reticulum

Chloroplasts

Which of the following is a function of the cell wall?

-A plant’s cell walls reflect the light.

-A plant’s cell wall attracts the pollinators.

-A plant’s cell wall prevents any mechanical or osmotic stress.

-A plant’s cell wall imparts color to the leaves.

A plant’s cell wall prevents any mechanical or osmotic stress

Identify the cell component that is present in both plant and animal cells.

-Chloroplast

-Central vacuole

-Cell wall

-Nucleolus

nucleolus

Which of the following functions are carried out by the cytoskeleton of the cell?

-The cytoskeleton helps in cell division and cytokinesis.

-The cytoskeleton helps in DNA synthesis.

-The cytoskeleton gives shape to the entire body structure.

-The cytoskeleton helps in the assembly of amino acids for protein synthesis.

The cytoskeleton helps in cell division and cytokinesis

Cytoskeletons are complex protein networks present in the cytoplasm of the cell and carry out vital functions. They regulate the entire cell division and cytokinesis,making sure that the dividing cells and chromosomes are held in place accurately. 

Which of these is not a part of the endomembrane system of the cell? 

-Golgi apparatus

-Mitochondria

-Lysosome

-Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Which one of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

-Transportation of nutrients into the cell

-Help in the interaction of a cell with another cell

-Permeability to large and highly charged molecules

-Protection of the cell from the external environment

Permeability to large and highly charged molecules

The phospholipid bilayer has several functions except for _______________.

-Filtration

-Energy production

-Provision of rigidity and support to the cell

-Ion gradient formation

Energy production

What is the chief role of cholesterol in the cell membrane’s function?

-It forms receptors in the cell membrane.

-It decreases the permeability of the cell membrane.

-It increases the strength of the cell membrane.

-It enhances the diffusion of polar molecules

It decreases the permeability of the cell membrane

Cholesterol gets deposited into the phospholipid layer and restricts the movement of the molecules across the cell membrane

A cell membrane acts as a semipermeable membrane. What does that mean?

-It allows only certain molecules to diffuse across the membrane.

-It is only permeable to hydrophilic substances.

-It is impermeable to any molecule trying to cross the membrane.

-It allows all types of molecules to cross the membrane.

It allows only certain molecules to diffuse across the membrane

How does a semipermeable membrane prevent the entry of toxic substances into a cell?

-By allowing all the molecules to diffuse easily across the membrane

-Only through active diffusion of molecules across the membrane

-By blocking the movement of any molecules

-Through the passage of certain types of molecules or ions by passive diffusion

Through the passage of certain types of molecules or ions by passive diffusion

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

-Molecules move against the concentration gradient in active transport without needing energy.

-Active transport uses energy to move the substances against the concentration gradient.

-In both, substances move from high to low concentration regions.

-Active transport requires energy for the transportation of materials along the concentration gradient.

Active transport uses energy to move the substances against the concentration gradient

The process that utilizes the membrane’s proteins to move a substance across the membrane is called _______.

-Passive diffusion

-Active diffusion

-Facilitated diffusion

-Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

The semipermeable membrane allows the movement of  water molecules, along the concentration gradient, using a process called ______________

-Carrier-mediated transport

-Facilitated diffusion

-Passive diffusion

-Osmosis

Osmosis

Diffusion is the process of _______________.

-Movement of water molecules across the cell membrane

-Movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration across the membrane.

-Movement of molecules within a cell

-Movement of substances from low concentration to high concentration across the membrane

Movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration across the membrane

The process by which microorganisms are removed from the invaded cells by neutrophils is called _____________.

-Phagocytosis

-Endocytosis

-Exocytosis

-Pinocytosis

Phagocytosis

Endocytosis is a type of __________.

-Facilitated transport

-Active transport

-Osmosis

-Passive diffusion

Active transport

Exocytosis facilitates which of the following functions?

-Transport of material from the intracellular matrix to the extracellular matrix

-Transport of large material, including cells, into the cell

-Transport of water from the extracellular matrix to the intracellular matrix

-Transport of material from the extracellular matrix to the intracellular matrix

Transport of material from the intracellular matrix to the extracellular matrix