Ch 16 Autonomic Nervous System

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions mainly differ in location of these cell bodies in CNS and these in PNS

preganglionic neuron; autonomic ganglia

the autonomic nervous system regulates activities such as

heart rate, body temp, digestive activity, breathing, urinary

number of neurons in somatic nervous system pathway

one motor

number of neurons in autonomic nervous system pathway

two (pre and post ganglionic)

neurotransmitter used in somatic NS

ach

neurotransmitter used in autonomic nervous system

ach or ne

type of response in somatic nervous system

always excitatory

type of response in autonomic nervous system

excitatory or inhibitory

parasympathetic ganglia are called _______ ganglia

terminal

receptor associated with joints and tendons

proprioceptors

divisions of nervous system that involuntarily control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

sympathetic and parasympathetic

the sympathetic nervous system is often called the fight or flight system, and prepares the body for _________ or __________ situations

stressful emergency

some effects of the sympathetic nervous system include increased _____ rate, dilated _______, and _________ sweating

heart pupils increased

some effects of the sympathetic nervous system include ________ _______ rate, decreased ________ activity, ________ digestive

increased respiration urinary decreased

this nervous system’s effects include increased release of epinephrine (adrenaline) from the adrenal medulla and increased glucose levels

sympathetic

this nervous system promotes activities that conserve _______ and support routine _________ functions such as digestion and urination

energy maintenance

main effects of the parasympathetic nervous system include slowed _______ rate, constricted ________, and stimulated _______ activity

heart pupils digestive (the only thing para seems to stimulate is digestive)

the sympathetic nervous system originates from these regions of the spinal cord

thoracic lumbar

location of the sympathetic ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system

(close to) spinal cord; sympathetic chain

length of fibers in sympathetic nervous system. pre: ________ ; post: ________

short long

preganglionic fibers have this and postganglionic do not

myelin sheaths

neurotransmitters released in sympathetic nervous system

pre:

post:

ach and ne

the parasympathetic nervous system originates from these regions of the spinal cord

brainstem and sacral

location of (terminal) parasympathetic ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system

(near or within) target organs

length of fibers in parasympathetic nervous system:

pre:

post:

long and short

neurotransmitters released in the parasympathetic nervous system pre and post

ach

the endocrine and nervous systems both help maintain _______ and control _____ _________

homeostasis; body processes

the endocrine and nervous systems both use chemical _________ to communicate (NT or hormones)

messengers

two similarities of the endocrine and nervous systems are influencing ______ _______ and sharing structures in the ______

target tissues; brain (hypothalamus)