Lecture on Mixtures, Solutions, and Properties chapter 8

These flashcards cover key concepts related to mixtures, solutions, solubility, colligative properties, and their significance in chemistry as outlined in the lecture notes.

Mixtures

Combining two or more pure substances that retain their individual properties.

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that does not have a uniform composition throughout.

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture consisting of small particles, where the solute is in lesser amount and the solvent in greater amount.

Aqueous solution

A solution where water is the solvent.

Colloid

A homogeneous mixture with larger particles that cannot be filtered from its components and do not settle out.

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture containing large particles suspended in a liquid that can be filtered away.

Electrolyte

A substance that conducts an electric current in water.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that does not conduct an electric current in water.

Strong electrolyte

A substance that dissociates completely in water to form ions.

Weak electrolyte

A substance that partially dissociates in water, forming some ions and mostly uncharged molecules.

Solubility

The amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent.

Saturated solution

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

Supersaturated solution

A solution that contains more solute than would normally dissolve at a given temperature.

Colligative properties

Properties that depend on the number of dissolved solute particles but not their identity.

Osmosis

The passage of solvent across a semipermeable membrane from a solution of lower solute concentration to higher concentration.

Isotonic solution

Two solutions with the same osmotic pressure.

Hypotonic solution

A solution with lower osmotic pressure than body fluids, causing cells to swell.

Hypertonic solution

A solution with higher osmotic pressure than body fluids, causing cells to shrink.

Dialysis

A process where waste products are filtered from blood through a semipermeable membrane.