Chapter 13-16: Globalization and Global Citizenship

Human rights

equal, universal rights granted to us simply because we are human. → undisputed

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• UN passed declaration in 1948

• outlines right to religion, education, and freedom of speech

Haudenosaunee and Human rights

• “Great Law of Peace”

• formed Iroquois Confederacy → 5 nations

  • chiefs would gather to discuss issues, then take proposals back to their own nations & consult citizens until everyone agreed

  • consensus

American Constitution

representatives from the 13 colonies met to agree on an outline of basic human rights for Americans

Reason behind the creation of the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights

prevent the reoccurrence of WWII

• covers 6 areas

  • political rights

  • civil rights

  • equality rights

  • economic rights

  • cultural rights

Canadian Charter of Rights & Freedoms (1982)

outlines the basic human rights automatically granted to all Canadians

• fundamental rights

• democratic rights

• mobility rights

• legal rights

• language rights

• minority rights

  • minority language rights

Notwithstanding Clause

a clause that can be utilized by the gov. that suspends the human rights listed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms temporarily

The arrival of TNC’s in developing nations affects human rights

to attract TNC’s, governments do not tax them, but, as a result, take away from the funding of social programs

Spread of human trafficking

• spread of transportation leads to an increase in illegal immigrants forced to do dangerous jobs → often involves drugs or sexual abuse

  • women are often forced into prostitution

• people join criminal organizations just to leave their home countries

• these people are often exploited because, due to not being a citizen, they do not have access to health care

Ingenuity Gap

the gap between people’s needs for new innovated solutions and their ability to supply these solutions

• if a country does not have access to entrepreneurs & scientists, they cannot get these solutions

4 hurdles to problem solving

1. market failure

2. shortage of capital

3. science cannot operate

4. social conflict

Market Failure

• market does not provide opportunities to businesses to make money

• sometimes no access to necessary resources

Shortage of Capital

financial and human resources are not available

Science cannot operate (in terms of hurdle to problem solving)

science cannot be continued due to funding or controversial reasons

Social Conflict (hurdle to problem solving)

in times of turmoil, groups take action to protect their own interests, rather than the interests of society as a whole

Gender gap

social, political, and economic differences that separate men and women

Barriers to closing gender gap

• lack of access to comm. tech. in developing countries → women cannot see info about how women in developed nations are being treated

  • no exposure to organizations

Disadvantages of unions

due to protective nature of human rights, unions can be seen as a barrier to the success of developing nations

• drive TNC’s away → gets rid of money source

International Labour Organization’s (ILO) 4 main motives

1. freedom from forced labour

2. freedom from discrimination

3. ban on child labour

4. right to organize and bargain collectively

Reasons disease spreads quicker in an interconnected world

• quicker, more efficient transportation

• constant travels

Pandemic

epidemic that spreads around the world

Black Death

• mid 1300s

• europe and asia

• 75 million people died

• spread via trade

• farming was disrupted by war → lower nutrition → easier to spread

Spanish Flu

• 1918-1920 → after WWI

• most deadly pandemic of modern era

• 100 million deaths

• killed healthy people > children or elders

• war impacted spread

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

• killed 774 people worldwide

• 2002, case occurred on Chinese farm

• cause is still unknown

• was not reported to the UN

• ended in July 2003

• quarantines

AIDS

• kills around 3 million people yearly

• about 4 million people get AIDS each year

• currently, 38 million people are suffering

World Health Organization (WHO)

The WHO is the center of global responses to health crises → forefront

• focuses on any human health risk

• examples:

  • disease

  • natural disasters

Methods in which global citizens can respond to global issues

• boycott

• vote

• join larger societies

  • buying local

Characteristics of a Civil Society

• counter balance to gov. and businesses

• raises awareness of highly focused and specific ideas, concerns, and programs that a group is advocating

• has 3 main decision/policy-making sectors:

  1. government

  2. businesses

  3. people

Global Citizenhsip

way of thinking and acting with the world’s best interest at heart

• following laws

• treating people equally → no discrimination

• taking care of the environment