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Describe the anatomical position.
Standing erect, the face is forward and the upper limbs are at the sides with the palms forward.
What is the importance of the anatomical position?
international frame of reference
What is an anatomical plane?
imaginary lines that are vertical or horizontal, drawn through and upright body
Why are the anatomical planes useful in anatomy and physiology studies?
allows people to clearly understand anatomical location
list 3 sectional planes.
coronal, sagittal and transverse
Define a coronal plane
An imaginary plane where the body is cut into front and back parts.
Define a sagittal plane.
Vertical plane, divides body into right and left
Define a transverse plane.
Horizontal plane, divides body into upper and lower sections
List 5 cavities of the human body.
1) cranial
2) spinal
3) thoracic
4) abdominal
5)pelvic
What organ(s) are located in the cranial cavity?
Brain
What organ(s) are located in the vertebral cavity?
Spinal cord
What organ(s) are located in the thoracic cavity?
Heart and lungs
What organ(s) are located in the abdominal cavity?
stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, intestine
What organ(s) are located in the pelvic cavity?
bladder and reproductive system
What is a serous membrane?
A thin double-layered membrane that surrounds organs in the ventral body cavity
Give the names of the serous membranes found in the human body?
1) parietal: lines the walls of the cavities
2) visceral: covers the the surface of the organ
Give the name of the serous membrane associated with the heart.
visceral pericardium
Give the name of the serous membrane associated with the lungs.
visceral pleura
Give the name of the serous membrane associated with the organs of the digestive system.
visceral peritoneum
How many layers does a serous membrane have?
2 layers
Give the name of the layers of a serous membrane.
parietal and visceral
What is the difference between the 2 layers of a serous membrane?
1) parietal: lines the walls of the cavities
2) visceral: covers the the surface of the organ
Define Superior or coronal
Towards the head, above
Define Inferior or caudal
Towards the legs, below
define Medial
Toward the midline of the body
define Lateral
Away from the midline
Define Anterior
Towards the Forward Surface (Belly)
Define Posterior
Toward the back
What does distal mean?
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Define Proximal.
What is the term for the part nearest to the center?
Define Superficial
Near the surface
Define Deep.
More internal
How may organ system form the human body?
11 organ systems
What is the integumentary system?
hair, skin, nails
protection from virus
What is the skeletal system?
bones, cartilage
structure, support
What is the muscular system?
muscles and some tendons
movement
define the nervous system
brain, spinal cord
communication, sensation
what is the endocrine system
collection of glands that produce hormones pancreas, thyroid gland
control system
What is the cardiovascular system?
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels. heart, blood, blood vessels
provide oxygen, transportation
define lymphatic system
spleen, tonsils
protects from disease
define the respiratory system
lungs, trachea, sinuses
provide oxygen
define the urinary system
kidneys, bladder, eliminate waste
Define reproductive system
vagina, uterus, testes
