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Which of the following signs or symptoms in a patient who is opioid-naive is of greatest concern to the nurse when assessing the patient 1 hour after administering an opioid?
1. Oxygen saturation of 95%
2. Difficulty arousing the patient
3. Respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min
4. Pain intensity rating of 5 on a scale of 0 to 10
2. Difficulty arousing the patient
A health care provider writes the following order for a patient who is opioid-naive who returned from the operating room following a total hip replacement: "Fentanyl patch 100 mcg, change every 3 days." On the basis of this order, the nurse takes the following action:
1. Calls the health care provider, and questions the order
2. Applies the patch the third postoperative day
3. Applies the patch as soon as the client reports pain
4. Places the patch as close to the hip dressing as possible
1. Calls the health care provider, and questions the order
A client is being discharged home on an around-the-clock (ATC) opioid for chronic back pain. Because of this order, the nurse anticipates an order for which class of medication?
1. Opioid antagonists
2. Antiemetics
3. Stool softeners
4. Muscle relacants
3. Stool softeners
A new medical resident writes an order for oxycodone CR (Oxy Contin) 10 mg PO q2h prn. Which part of the order does the nurse question?
1. The drug
2. The time interval
3. The dose
4. The route
2. The time interval
The nurse reviews a patient's medical administration record (MAR) and finds that the patient has received oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet) (5/325), two tablets PO every 3 hours for the past 3 days. What concerns the nurse most?
1. The patient's level of pain
2. The potential for addiction
3. The amount of daily acetaminophen
4. The risk for gastrointestinal bleeding
3. The amount of daily acetaminophen
A patient with chronic low back pain who took an opioid around-the-clock (ATC) for the past year decided to abruptly stop the medication for fear of addiction. He is now experiencing shaking, chills, abdominal cramps, and joint pain. The nurse recognizes that the patient is experiencing symptoms of:
1. Opioid toxicity
2. Opioid tolerance
3. Opioid addiction
4. Opioid withdrawal
4. Opioid withdrawal
A patient has returned from the operating room, recovering from repair of a fractured elbow, and states that her pain level is 6 on a 0-to-10 pain scale. She received a dose of hydromorphone just 15 minutes ago. Which interventions may be beneficial for this patient at this time? (Select all that apply.)
1. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
2. Administer naloxone (Narcan) 2 mg intravenously
3. Provide back massage
4. Reposition the patient
5. Withhold any pain medication and tell the patient that she is at risk for addiction
1. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
3. Provide back massage
4. Reposition the patient
Which of the following instructions is crucial for the nurse to give to both family members and the patient who is about to be started on patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) of morphine? (Select all that apply)
1. Only the patient should push the button
2. Do not use the PCA until the pain is severe
3. The PCA system can set limits to prevent overdoses from occurring
4. Notify the nurse when the button is pushed
5. Do not push the button and go to sleep
1. Only the patient should push the button
3. The PCA system can set limits to prevent overdoses from occurring
5. Do not push the button and go to sleep
A patient with a 3-day history of a stroke that left her confused and unable to communicate returns from interventional radiology following placement of a gastrostomy tube. The patient has been taking hydrocodone/APAP 5/325 up to four tablets/day before her stroke for arthritic pain. The health care provider's order reads as follows: "Hydrocodone/APAP 5/325 1 tab, per gastrostomy tube, q4h, prn." Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
1. No action is required by the nurse because the order is appropriate
2. Request to have the order changed to around the clock (ATC) for the first 48 hours
3. Ask for a change of medication to meperidine (Demerol) 50 mg IVP, q3 hours, prn
4. Begin the hydrocodone/APAP when the patient shows nonverbal symptoms of pain
2. Request to have the order changed to around the clock (ATC) for the first 48 hours
A patient is prescribed morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Arrange the following steps for administering PCA in the correct order.
1. Program computerized PCA pump to deliver prescribed medication dose and lockout interval
2. Check label of medication 3 times:when removing from storage, when brought to bedside, when preparing for assembly.
3. Administer loading dose of analgesia as prescribed
4. Attach drug reservoir to infusion device, prime tubing, and attach needleless adapter to end of tubing
5. Identify patient using two identifiers
6. Insert and secure needleless adapter into injection port nearest patient
2. Check label of medication 3 times:when removing from storage, when brought to bedside, when preparing for assembly.
5. Identify patient using two identifiers
1. Program computerized PCA pump to deliver prescribed medication dose and lockout interval
4. Attach drug reservoir to infusion device, prime tubing, and attach needleless adapter to end of tubing
6. Insert and secure needleless adapter into injection port nearest patient
3. Administer loading dose of analgesia as prescribed
A patient rates his pain as a 6 on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain. The patient's wife says that he can't be in that much pain since he has been sleeping for 30 minutes. Which is the most accurate resource for assessing the pain?
1. Patient's self-report
2. Behaviors
3. Surrogate (wife) report
4. Vital sign changes
1. Patient's self-report
When using ice massage for pain relief, which of the following is correct? (Select all that apply.)
1. Applying ice using firm pressure over skin
2. Apply ice for 5 minutes or until numbness occurs
3. Apply ice no more than 3 times a day
4. Limit application of ice to no longer than 10 minutes
5. Use slow, circular steady massage
1. Applying ice using firm pressure over skin
2. Apply ice for 5 minutes or until numbness occurs
5. Use slow, circular steady massage
When teaching a patient about transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which information do you include
1. TENS works by causing distraction
2. TENS therapy does not require a health care provider's order
3. TENS requires an electrical source for use
4. TENS electrodes are applied near or directly on the site of pain
4. TENS electrodes are applied near or directly on the site of pain
While caring for a patient with cancer pain, the nurse knows that a multimodal analgesia plan includes: (Select all that apply)
1. Using analgesics such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) along with opioids
2. Stopping acetaminophen when the pain becomes very severe
3. Avoiding polypharmacy by limiting use of medication to one agent at a time
4. Avoiding total sedation, regardless of the severity of the pain
5. The use of adjuvants (co-analgesics) such as gabapentin (Neurontin) to manage neuropathic type pain
1. Using analgesics such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) along with opioids
5. The use of adjuvants (co-analgesics) such as gabapentin (Neurontin) to manage neuropathic type pain
A postoperative patient currently is asleep. Therefore the nurse knows that:
1. The sedative administered may have helped him sleep, but it is still necessary to assess pain
2. The intravenous (IV) pain medication given in recovery is relieving his pain effectively
3. Pain assessment is not necessary
4. The patient can be switched to the same amount of medication by the oral route
1. The sedative administered may have helped him sleep, but it is still necessary to assess pain
Why would a primary health care provider prescribe acetylcysteine to a patient who is on pharmacological pain management therapy?
1. Overdose of aspirin
2. Overdose of fentanyl
3. Overdose of morphine
4. Overdose of acetaminophen
4. Overdose of acetaminophen
The registered nurse is teaching a patient about the use of cold therapy in acute pain management. Which of the patient's statements indicates a need for further teaching?
1. "I will apply ice two to five times a day."
2. "I will apply ice with a lightweight cover, with firm pressure to my skin."
3. "I will apply ice within a 6-inch circular area near where I have pain."
4. "I will place ice between my thumb and index finger if I have shoulder pain."
4. "I will place ice between my thumb and index finger if I have shoulder pain."
A primary health care provider prescribes medication for a patient in respiratory distress. Shortly after, the patient complains of severe pain. Which medication did the patient likely receive?
1. Naloxone
2. Capsaicin
3. Lidoderm patch
4. Acetaminophen
1. Naloxone
Which statement is true regarding nonpharmacological pain interventions?
1. Nonpharmacological interventions should only be used alone.
2. Nonpharmacological interventions are useful for patients who cannot tolerate pain medications.
3. Nonpharmacological interventions have a clear set of guidelines regarding intensity and duration.
4. Nonpharmacological interventions should be used in place of pharmacological therapies for acute pain.
2. Nonpharmacological interventions are useful for patients who cannot tolerate pain medications.
A patient is in the first postoperative day following a nephrectomy. The patient is receiving morphine through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device for management of pain. The nurse decides to use the ABCDE approach while assessing and managing pain for this patient. What are the correct components of the ABCDE approach? Select all that apply.
1. A: Ask regularly about the pain.
2. A: Assess the pain once a week.
3. B: Believe the patient about the pain.
4. C: Choose pain control options appropriate to the patient.
5. D: Deny the use of painkillers and encourage the patient to bear the pain naturally.
1. A: Ask regularly about the pain.
3. B: Believe the patient about the pain.
4. C: Choose pain control options appropriate to the patient.
A physician put a postoperative patient on a patient-controlled opioid analgesic pump to be used around the clock for a week. Which assessment should the nurse make at regular intervals?
1. Liver enzymes
2. Blood pressure
3. Respiratory rate
4. Body temperature
3. Respiratory rate
Which class of pain management drugs may interfere with bowel or bladder function?
1. Anticonvulsants
2. Opioid analgesics
3. Nonopioid analgesics
4. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
2. Opioid analgesics
Which statement is true regarding opioiates for pain management?
1. Morphine is available only for oral administration.
2. Hydrocodone is only available intravenously.
3. Oxycodone is available for both oral and intravenous administration.
4. Hydromorphone is available for both oral and intravenous administration.
4. Hydromorphone is available for both oral and intravenous administration.
Which pain management drug is considered the best tolerated and safest analgesic?
1. Fentanyl
2. Tramadol
3. Acetylcysteine
4. Acetaminophen
4. Acetaminophen
A patient has had arthritic pain for 8 years. Which questions should the nurse ask to assess the patient's pain? Select all that apply.
1. "Which factors relieve your pain?"
2. "How would you describe the pain?"
3. "Are you having any trouble passing stools?"
4. "Are you allergic to any food item or medication?"
5. "On a scale of 0 to 10, how high would you rate the pain?"
1. "Which factors relieve your pain?"
2. "How would you describe the pain?"
5. "On a scale of 0 to 10, how high would you rate the pain?"
While treating a patient, the primary health care provider encourages the patient to watch funny videos. This is an example of which pain management technique?
1. Relaxation
2. Distraction
3. Acupressure
4. Music therapy
2. Distraction
A patient is in the first postoperative day following a nephrectomy. The patient is receiving morphine through a patient-controlled analgesia
vice for management of pain. The patient complains of pain in the shoulders. The nurse understands that it is a referred pain. What explanation should the nurse give to the patient regarding the referred pain?
1. It is a pain that occurs sporadically over time.
2. It is a moderate pain that occurs for more than 6 months constantly.
3. It is a pain that is sensed at a site away from its actual origin or pathology.
4. It is neuropathic pain that is caused generally after cancer or a tumor.
3. It is a pain that is sensed at a site away from its actual origin or pathology.
Which adjuvant drug relieves pain caused by inflammation and bone metastasis?
1. Corticosteroids
2. Antidepressants
3. Opioid analgesics
4. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
1. Corticosteroids
A group of nursing students is learning about nociceptive and neuropathic pain. What are examples of neuropathic pain? Select all that apply.
1 . Aching muscles
2 . Diabetic neuropathy
3 . Trigeminal neuralgia
4 . Nerve root compression
5 . Throbbing pain at knee joint
2 . Diabetic neuropathy
3 . Trigeminal neuralgia
4 . Nerve root compression
Which statement about transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is incorrect?
1. TENS is helpful in reducing pain perception.
2. TENS is effective for chronic and postsurgical pain control.
3. A TENS unit consists of a battery-powered transmitter, lead wires, and electrodes.
4. TENS requires a health care provider's order that identifies the site(s) for electrode placement.
2. TENS is effective for chronic and postsurgical pain control.
Which type of pain management is cold application?
1. Relaxation
2. Distraction
3. Cutaneous stimulation
4. Acupressure
3. Cutaneous stimulation
Which analgesic drug depresses the central nervous system?
1. Aspirin
2. Fentanyl
3. Naproxen
4. Ibuprofen
2. Fentanyl
A 65-year-old patient is experiencing mild musculoskeletal pain. Which drug is the primary health care provider most likely to prescribe?
1. Aspirin
2. Naproxen
3. Ibuprofen
4. Acetaminophen
4. Acetaminophen
During a preoperative assessment, a patient reports history of a heart attack and use of anticoagulant medications. If epidural anesthesia is administered to the patient for the surgery, for which possible complication should the nurse look?
1. Synergistic effects
2. Hematoma
3. Allergic reaction
4. Respiratory depression
2. Hematoma
The physician tells the nurse to administer a second drug to a patient already on oxycodone. Which drug would be safe for this patient?
1. Fentanyl
2. Morphine
3. Codeine
4. Acetaminophen
4. Acetaminophen
The nurse administers 250 mg of acetaminophen along with 5 mg of hydrocodone to a patient in pain. Why is acetaminophen part of this protocol?
1. To reduce the risk of hepatotoxicity
2. To prevent the risk of oversedation
3. To prevent the occurrence of respiratory depression
4. To decrease the dose of opioid required for pain control
4. To decrease the dose of opioid required for pain control
A nurse administers epidural anesthesia to a patient in the terminal stages of cancer for pain relief. Which nursing intervention is then necessary?
1. Administering supplemental doses of opioid
2. Assessing vitals once every hour after administering the first dose
3. Administering anticoagulant medications with the epidural
4. Notifying the health care provider if the patient develops pain at the epidural insertion site
4. Notifying the health care provider if the patient develops pain at the epidural insertion site
Which type of pain management therapy is preferred for relieving chronic cancer pain?
1. Local anesthesia
2. Topical analgesic
3. Epidural analgesia
4. Perineural local anesthetic infusion
3. Epidural analgesia
Which pain management method is considered a nonpharmacological complementary and alternative intervention?
1. Distraction
2. Biofeedback
3. Guided imagery
4. Therapeutic touch
4. Therapeutic touch
Which topical analgesic is effective for relieving postherpetic neuralgia in adults?
1. Capsaicin
2. ELA-Max/LMX
3. Lidoderm patch
4. Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA)
3. Lidoderm patch
The nurse has conducted an informative session on discouraging pseudoaddiction to a group of people in a community. Which group of patients should be the main target for the nurse's teachings?
1. Patients with a history of taking over-the-counter medicines
2. Patients with a history of drinking coffee for more than 5 years
3. Patients who say that heroin increases concentration
4. Patients who repeatedly seek multiple medical opinions for chronic pain relief
4. Patients who repeatedly seek multiple medical opinions for chronic pain relief
A patient took more than the prescribed amount of acetaminophen and is experiencing hepatotoxicity. Which drug might the nurse anticipate the health care provider to use to treat this patient?
1. Naloxone
2. Tramadol
3. Oxycodone
4. Acetylcysteine
4. Acetylcysteine
The nurse is assessing a patient who has sustained severe injuries in a motor vehicle accident. The patient is in severe pain and is diaphoretic. On assessment, the patient's heart rate is increased, pupils are dilated, and blood pressure is decreased. Which finding is caused by the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system?
1. Diaphoresis
2. Dilation of pupils
3. Increased heart rate
4. Decrease in blood pressure
4. Decrease in blood pressure
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about concepts of pain in infants. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
1 . Infants cannot express pain.
2. Absorption of drugs is faster than expected.
3. Infants are less sensitive to pain than adults are.
4. Preterm neonates have greater sensitivity to pain than older children do.
5. Assessment of pain involves behavioral cues and physiological indicators.
2. Absorption of drugs is faster than expected.
4. Preterm neonates have greater sensitivity to pain than older children do.
5. Assessment of pain involves behavioral cues and physiological indicators.
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis reports acute joint pain in the hand. Which intervention is inappropriate for providing pain relief?
1. Encouraging the patient to listen to music or watch television
2. Collaborating with an occupational therapist to provide assistive devices for grooming
3. Administering ordered analgesics around the clock for 24 to 48 hours
4. Applying cool compresses to the patient's joints with the prescriber's approval
2. Collaborating with an occupational therapist to provide assistive devices for grooming
The nursing instructor asks the student nurse to differentiate between A and C peripheral nerve fibers. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?
1. "The A fibers are myelinated and the C fibers are unmyelinated."
2. "The A fibers are smaller in diameter and the C fibers are larger in diameter."
3. "The A fibers transmit signals slowly and the C fibers transmit signals rapidly."
4. "The A fibers cause diffuse sensation and the C fibers cause localized sensations."
1. "The A fibers are myelinated and the C fibers are unmyelinated."
A student nurse is reading about the mode of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). The NSAID drug decreases the level of a chemical that is known to increase pain sensitivity. With which chemical does the NSAID react?
1.Renin
2. Serotonin
3. Prostaglandin
4. Diclofenac sodium
3. Prostaglandin
What is the immediate intervention if a patient on oxycodone 10 mg/mL infusion therapy experiences respiratory depression?
1. Administering acetylcysteine
2. Reducing the dose of oxycodone to 5 mg/mL
3. Decreasing the rate of infusion
4. Administering 0.4 mg of naloxone
4. Administering 0.4 mg of naloxone
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain management. Which of the nursing student's statements indicates a need for further teaching?
1. "NSAIDs work by depressing the central nervous system."
2. "NSAIDs act by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins."
3. "Patients allergic to aspirin are more likely to be allergic to other NSAIDs."
4. "Use of NSAIDS in older adults may result in increased risk of adverse events."
Which drug is unsafe for the central nervous system as a supplement to epidural anesthesia?
1. Aspirin
2. Naproxen
3. Ibuprofen
4. Oxycodone
4. Oxycodone
A patient is in the first postoperative day following a nephrectomy. The patient is receiving morphine through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device for management of pain. The patient is apprehensive about being given opioid drugs and is afraid of becoming addicted to the drug. The patient is also afraid of chronic side effects. What explanation should the nurse give the patient? Select all that apply.
1. Opioids can be used safely in cases of moderate to severe pain.
2. Opioids can be given only after surgery or for postsurgical pain.
3. Slow titration prevents potentially dangerous opioid-induced side effects.
4. The drug is administered carefully, because its action cannot be reversed.
5. In case of any adverse effects, opioid antagonist drugs can be given to reverse the effects.
1. Opioids can be used safely in cases of moderate to severe pain.
3. Slow titration prevents potentially dangerous opioid-induced side effects.
5. In case of any adverse effects, opioid antagonist drugs can be given to reverse the effects.
The nurse is learning about the effects of pain on the sympathetic system. What are the manifestations of sympathetic stimulation in response to the pain? Select all that apply.
1
Increased heart rate
2
Rapid, irregular breathing
3
Increased glucose level
4
Decreased blood pressure
5
Decreased gastrointestinal motility
1
Increased heart rate
3
Increased glucose level
5
Decreased gastrointestinal motility
Which nonpharmacological techniques pose a risk of injury to the patient if the patient has a history of diabetic neuropathy? Select all that apply.
1
Yoga
2
Massage
3
Hot bath
4
Cold application
5
Relaxation exercises
3
Hot bath
4
Cold application
A patient in pain mentions a history of allergy to aspirin. Which drugs might the health care team avoid for this patient? Select all that apply.
1
Fentanyl
2
Morphine
3
Naproxen
4
Ibuprofen
5
Oxycodone
3
Naproxen
4
Ibuprofen
The nurse is assessing the touch, pain, and temperature sensation of a patient who is diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy. Arrange in ascending order the parts of the central nervous system through which pain sensation is carried.
1.
Cerebrum
2.
Thalamus
3.
Spinal cord
4.
Medulla, pons, midbrain
Spinal cord, medulla, pons, midbrain, thalamus, cerebrum
The nurse is caring for a patient who is on opioid therapy. For which findings is the nurse carefully observing the patient? Select all that apply.
1
Decreased pulse rate
2
Increased respiratory rate
3
Decreased blood pressure
4
Pupil dilatation
5
Peripheral edema
1
Decreased pulse rate
3
Decreased blood pressure
5
Peripheral edema
The nurse is teaching pain management to a group of caregivers. Which information should be included? Select all that apply.
1
Chronic pain is often psychological.
2
Only hospitalized patients experience severe pain.
3
Psychogenic pain is not real.
4
Regular administration of analgesics will not lead to addiction.
5
Patients with minor illnesses may also experience severe pain
4
Regular administration of analgesics will not lead to addiction.
5
Patients with minor illnesses may also experience severe pain
The nurse is teaching a group of caregivers about the concept of pain in older adults. What should the nurse include in the teachings? Select all that apply.
1
Older patients underreport pain.
2
Sleeping indicates pain relief.
3
Opioids are safe to use in older patients.
4
Older adults tend to perceive more pain.
5
Older adults with cognitive impairment do not experience less pain.
1
Older patients underreport pain.
3
Opioids are safe to use in older patients.
5
Older adults with cognitive impairment do not experience less pain.
The registered nurse and a nursing student are discussing opioid pain management therapy and naloxone (Narcan). Which of the nursing student's statements indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply.
1
"The infusion rate of an intravenous push of naloxone should be 0.5 mL for 1 minute."
2
"0.4 mg of naloxone should be diluted with 15 mL saline."
3
"Opioid-naïve patients should be closely monitored for sedation."
4
"Administering naloxone faster than the recommended rate may cause severe pain."
5
"If an adult patient experiences respiratory depression, naloxone should be administered."
1
"The infusion rate of an intravenous push of naloxone should be 0.5 mL for 1 minute."
2
"0.4 mg of naloxone should be diluted with 15 mL saline."
The registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to a patient. Which of the nursing student's statements indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply.
1
"I should set the frequency to no more than 50 Hz."
2
"I should use TENS on patients who have chronic cancer pain."
3
"I should place TENS electrodes directly over or near the site of pain."
4
"I should apply hair or skin preparations before placing TENS electrodes."
5
"I should remove TENS electrodes if the patient feels a buzzing or tingling sensation."
2
"I should use TENS on patients who have chronic cancer pain."
4
"I should apply hair or skin preparations before placing TENS electrodes."
5
"I should remove TENS electrodes if the patient feels a buzzing or tingling sensation."
A primary health care provider prescribes 10 mg of codeine every 4 hours to a patient who has chronic pain from cancer. However, after taking a second dose of the prescribed drug, the nurse notices that the patient is very drowsy and nauseous. Which dose alteration may provide effective pain relief while improving the drowsiness and nausea?
1
5 mg codeine every 4 hours
2
10 mg codeine every 8 hours
3
20 mg codeine every 8 hours
4
5 mg codeine every 12 hours
1
5 mg codeine every 4 hours
The nurse is caring for a patient on pain management therapy. Which types of therapy cause a release of endorphins that can block the transmission of painful stimuli? Select all that apply.
1
Massage
2
Opioid analgesics
3
Cold application
4
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
5
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
1
Massage
3
Cold application
5
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
The nurse is assessing a patient with acute pain. Which statements are true about acute pain? Select all that apply.
1
Acute pain is not protective.
2
Acute pain has an identifiable cause.
3
Acute pain has limited tissue damage.
4
Acute pain results in prolonged hospitalization.
5
Patients with acute pain seek numerous health care providers.
2
Acute pain has an identifiable cause.
3
Acute pain has limited tissue damage.
4
Acute pain results in prolonged hospitalization.
Which drugs may provide relief from bone pain? Select all that apply.
1
Calcitonin
2
Gabapentin
3
Nortriptyline
4
Bisphosphonates
5
Infusional lidocaine
1
Calcitonin
4
Bisphosphonates
A patient who underwent abdominal surgery experiences constipation and severe cramping. Which nonpharmacological nursing interventions may provide relief to this patient? Select all that apply.
1
Helping the patient walk
2
Increasing the patient's fluid intake
3
Providing stool softeners to the patient
4
Planning sleep therapies for the patient
5
Providing an elevated toilet seat to the patient
1
Helping the patient walk
2
Increasing the patient's fluid intake
3
Providing stool softeners to the patient
The human body has a mechanism to reduce pain perception by inhibitory neurotransmitters. What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters of pain in the brain? Select all that apply.
1
Serotonin
2
Histamine
3
Substance P
4
Norepinephrine
5
Gamma aminobutyric acid
1
Serotonin
4
Norepinephrine
5
Gamma aminobutyric acid
Which statements about opioid analgesics for pain management are correct? Select all that apply.
1
Opioid analgesics act on higher centers of the brain.
2
Use of opioid analgesics will increase libido in male patients.
3
Opioid analgesics are prescribed for relieving mild forms of pain.
4
The short-acting forms of opioids provide pain relief for approximately 4 hours.
5
Prolonged use of opioid analgesics will increase patient tolerance to depression of the central nervous system.
1
Opioid analgesics act on higher centers of the brain.
4
The short-acting forms of opioids provide pain relief for approximately 4 hours.
The nurse works in a postsurgical ward. Which statements by the nurse indicate common misconceptions about pain? Select all that apply.
1
Psychogenic pain is not real.
2
Chronic pain is not psychological.
3
Patients who cannot speak can feel pain.
4
Administering analgesics regularly leads to drug addiction.
5
Patients who abuse substances overreact to discomfort.
1
Psychogenic pain is not real.
4
Administering analgesics regularly leads to drug addiction.
5
Patients who abuse substances overreact to discomfort.
