ISTM 210 Exam 2 Beatty

How many organizations have been impacted by environmental factors?

1 in 4 organizations.

What are the environmental factors that could impact business?

• Weather Concerns

• Deletion of fresh water

• depletion and use of fossil fuels

• waste production

• air & water quality

  • Employee health

5 Business impacts of environmental risk

• Operational

• Scarcity/ Cost of resources

• Regulatory/Political Uncertainty

• Increase or lack of insurance

  • Reputational Damage

What is green or sustainable commuting?

Practice of using computer systems & IT infrastructure in an environmentally sustainable way.

What are the four characteristics of green computing

• Reduce the use of hazardous materials

• Maximize energy efficiency

• Promoting the recyclability of defunct products

  • Reducing factory waste from the production of computer goods.

What is EPEAT?

Electronic Product Environmental Assessment tool. Global standard for measuring the environmental impact of electronic products.

What are the 8 environmental attribute evaluation criteria?

• Reduction or elimination of chemicals in computer manufacturing

• Renewable biobased plastic in computer manufacturing

• Design for end-of-life computer technology

• Product longevity: extended warranties

• Manufacturer end of life: tach tech back

• Corporate performance: sound environmental policy

• Packaging: reduce or eliminate toxins

• Energy conservation: adopt energy star qualifications

How many required and optional criteria is there in EPEAT?

51 required criteria & 75 optional.

Gold: 100:75

Silver: 100:50

Bronze: 100:0

What is the energy star program?

Gov initiative that promotes energy efficiency.

What is a green pc?

built w/ energy efficiency & environmental sustainability

What are the green standards?

• Energy efficient power supplies

• Power supplies and processor that use less energy

• Eliminate or minimize environmentally harmful materials

  • Use recycled & aluminum parts

What are the energy efficient modes of a computer?

Active Use > Sleep > Standby

What is the 80% standard?

Makes sure PSU is at least 80% energy efficient at different loads.

How many workers telecommute?

4.7 millionworkers in the United States as of 2020.

What is a network?

System of connected devices that communicate & share data.

What is a server, client & a client server network?

• Server- provides resources services or data to other computers

• Client- device that requests and uses resources

• Client-server network- multiple clients rely on server to provide information.

What is a Node?

any device connected to a network

What is an IP address

Number assigned to each device on a network

What is a LAN, WLAN, PAN, CAN, MAN, WAN

Local Area Network < Wireless Local Network < Personal ““ < Campus““ < Metropolitan ““ < Wide ““

What is peer to peer (P2P)

Devices act as both servers and clients keeping each other connected.

What percent of business transactions are conducted online?

29.7%

What companies were used as examples of network outages?

Delta Airlines & Amazon

What are network advantages?

• Economics: share printers,copiers,scanners

• Software: install & share software

• Collaboration: employees can communicate with each other

• Backup

What are the 4 basic components needed to build a network?

NIC, Protocol, Physical Cables, Network Hub

What is a NIC?

• Network Interface Card.

• It is plugged into an expansion slot on motherboard

• Allows for computers to interface w/ the network.

Most PC’s are _____ ready.

Network. meaning the card is already in the box.

What is the most common NIC card?

Ethernet card

The ethernet card has a unique _______ address.

48-bit Media Access Control

No 2 NIC cards have the same MAC address.

True

Protocol

A set of common conventions or rules that are used to connect a myriad of unique devices to a network.

What is the most common protocol?

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCB/IP)

What does TCB/IP do?

Provides reliable, ordered, and error checked delivery of a stream of data between apps running on servers communicating via a server.

What are packets?

Smaller pieces of the complete file being sent across the network.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Protocol used for data transfers where some data could be lost in transit: video streaming

Physical Cables

Cables that plug into the NIC card and then connect to the network.

What is the most common type of cable?

Ethernet Cable

What is the most common type of ethernet cable?

Twisted pair

What is the network hub?

Central location that serves as a “traffic cop” and administrator for network communications and connections.

What’s the most common type of network hub?

Ethernet Hub

What is the network operating system (NOS)

manages network resources & allows multiple devices to connect.

What are the 4 major functions of the NOS?

• Network Traffic Control

• Administrating Packets

• File management

• Backup & security

What is a network administrator

An IT pro. responsible for maintaining network infrastructure.

What are the responsibilities of a network administrator?

• Smooth network operations

• network performance and implementations of new nodes

• the addition of new networks

• provide user access (log in) & authentication.

What can failure to pick right topology do?

• Loss of data

• Risk of security breach

• loss of revenue

What is a bus topology & what are the benefits and drawbacks?

• topology where all nodes are connected to single backbone, but only 1 device communicates at a time.

• benefits: cheap & expandable

• drawbacks: single point of failure & limited scalability b/c it becomes slower.

What is Star topology & what are the benefits and drawbacks?

• All devices are connected to one hub that directs traffic.

• Benefits: If 1 device fails you’re fine, easy troubleshooting.

• Drawbacks: if hub goes down everything does, expensive.

What is the ring topology & what are benefits and drawbacks?

• Devices connected in a circular structure. Data can go 1 or both ways.

• Benefits: easy to operate and no need for a hub.

  • Drawbacks: difficulty troubleshooting, if network goes down everything does, data must pass through all nodes.

What is the mesh topology, and what are the benefits and drawbacks?

• All nodes are interconnected and wireless.

• Benefits: if connections goes down in one device it is still fine. very efficient

• Drawbacks: complex set up and expensive.

What are the responsibilities of a network administrator?

• Put in place policies to ensure authorized users can have access to network

• determines who is given access to network

• Determine how often user changes pw

What concerns do businesses have about employees’ access to internet?

• introduce viruses

• install cookies

• viewing inappropriate sites.

What does a firewall do?

• Blocks packets

• prevents unauthorized access

• stops malware

• monitors activity

• controls users’ access

the ARPANET

first general purpose developed by the department of defense.

Who at CERN is credited with developing network protocols required to allow networks to span borders?

Tim Berners-Lee

What network protocol allowed for users to exchange info on the worldwide web?

HTTP (open source)

In 2023, how many internet users worldwide were there?

5.18 billion

What two IP addresses are assigned to your computer?

• IPv4: 32-bit number

• IPv6: 128-bit number

What registrants are there?

godaddy, goggledomains, dreamhost & IONOS.

Most popular web browsers.

Google Chrome, Firefox, DuckDuckGo & Microsoft Edge

What is a webmaster?

Person responsible of creation or maintenance of website.

What are webmaster’s responsibilities?

Maintenance, support new development, maintain, testing

what’s a Web Developer?

programmer who develops web pages using HTML, CSS, and Javascript.

What are the responsibilities of the web developer?

Coding, Support & Planning

Browser features are ___?

bookmarking, caching, graphic displays, javascript

3 most important functionality selection factors

Security, popup blockers, and usability.

What is an Internet Service Provider (ISP) ?

Organization that provides services for assessing, using, managing, or participating on the internet. offers connectivity between user and internet.

ISP’s can also _____

serve as web site registrants, provide internet hosting services.

Search Engines use ________?

kwyqord search, directory search and metaseach

What are viruses?

malware that can copy and infect other computers by attaching to another program.

What are worms?

A malicious computer program that can replicate itself but have no need to attach to a program.

What are trojan horses?

seemingly harmless program that when executed releases viruses on computers.

What is spyware?

malware that is intended for spying.

What is the most common use of the internet?

Email

composition of an email:

1. email address

2. header

3. subject

4. attachments

5. body

6. recipient options

   • CC & BCC

What is Phishing?

Act of tricking users to reveal information.

Technology that allows for voice calls on internet?

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Main providers of VoIP?

Vonage, ringcentral, zoom phone, skype

A new website is developed _______

Every 3 seconds

what percent of business activity is online?

28%

by 2040, an estimated __% of all purchases will be by e-commerce.

95%

______ foundation formalized international connectivity with the standardization of _____ protocol and the use of domain names on the emerging global network.

National Science Foundation; TCP/Ip

Hypertext Markup Language:

the “programming language” of the internet

Hypertext Transfer Protocol:

The “communications protocol” of the internet

Uniform Resource Locater (URL)

the “content (webpage) locator” of the internet

Other programming languages?

Javascript, Adobe Flash, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) & Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)

Different ways to purchase ads?

Cost per Click, Cost per thousand impressions, cost per action.