Positioning of Joints (Loose vs Closed)

Facet (spine)

Loose: midway between flexion and extension

Closed: extension

Temporomandibular

Loose: mouth slightly open

Closed: clenched teeth

Glenohumeral

Loose: 55 degrees abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction

Closed: abduction and lateral rotation

Acromioclavicular

Loose: arm resting by side in normal physiological position

Closed: arm abducted to 90 degrees

Sternoclavicular

Loose: arm resting by side in normal physiological position

Closed: maximum shoulder elevation

Ulnohumeral (elbow)

Loose: 70 degrees flexion, 10 degrees supination

Closed: extension

Radiohumeral

Loose: full extension, full supination

Closed: elbow flexed 90 degrees, forearm supinated 5 degrees

Proximal radioulnar

Loose: 70 degrees flexion, 35 degrees supination

Closed: 5 degrees supination

Distal radioulnar:

Loose: 10 degrees supination

Closed: 5 degrees supination

Radiocarpal (wrist)

Loose: neutral with slight ulnar deviation

Closed: extension with radial deviation

Carpometacarpal

Loose: midway between abduction-adduction and flexion-extension

Metacarpophalangeal

Loose: slight flexion

Closed (fingers): full flexion

Closed (thumb): full opposition

Interphalangeal

Loose: slight flexion

Closed: full extension

Hip

Loose: 30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight lateral rotation

Closed: full extension, medial rotation

Knee

Loose: 25 degrees flexion

Closed: full extension, lateral rotation of tibia

Talocrural (ankle)

Loose: 10 degrees plantarflexion, midway between maximum inversion and eversion

Closed: maximum dorsiflexion

Subtalar

Loose: midway between extremes of range of movement

Closed: supination

Midtarsal

Loose: midway between extremes of range of movement

Closed: supination

Tarsometatarsal

Loose:

Closed: supination

Metatarsophalangeal

Loose: neutral

Closed: full extension

Interphalangeal

Loose: slight flexion

Closed: full extension