Chapter 5: Cartilage and Bone Overview

Cartilage

Specialized connective tissue providing flexible support.

Bone

Hard connective tissue providing structural support.

Hyaline Cartilage

Most common cartilage with type II collagen.

Elastic Cartilage

Contains elastic fibers for flexibility.

Fibrocartilage

Mix of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue.

Chondrogenesis

Process of cartilage formation from mesenchyme.

Avascular

Lacking blood vessels; relies on diffusion.

Proteoglycans

Molecules trapping water in cartilage's ground substance.

Spongy Bone

Bone with a network of trabeculae and marrow.

Compact Bone

Dense outer layer of bone with osteons.

Osteon

Cylindrical unit of compact bone structure.

Intramembranous Ossification

Direct bone formation from mesenchymal cells.

Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation replacing a cartilage model.

Osteogenesis

Process of bone formation involving multiple stages.

Articular Surfaces

Hyaline cartilage covering bone ends in joints.

Epiphyseal Plates

Cartilage regions allowing long bone growth.

Tensile Strength

Resistance to being pulled apart.

Mineralization

Process of depositing minerals in bone matrix.

Bone Marrow

Tissue within spongy bone producing blood cells.

Trachea

Respiratory structure lined with hyaline cartilage.

Menisci

Cartilage pads in knee joints for cushioning.

Odontogenesis

Development process of teeth from embryonic cells.