alternative methods of extracting metals

Why are new methods of metal extraction needed?

High-grade ores are running out

traditional mining is harmful to the environment.

What is phytomining how is it done?

Using plants to absorb metal compounds from soil. The plants are grown in areas containing the metal of interest . As the plants grow the metals are taken up through the plants vascular system.The plants are then burned to ash. Dissolve ash in an acid to create a solution containing the metal and extract the metal via electrolysis

what is bioleaching

Bioleaching uses bacteria to produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds.

What are the advantages of phytomining?

✅ Reduces the need for traditional mining.
✅ Can extract metals from low-grade ores.
✅ Helps clean contaminated land.

uses low energy

What are the disadvantages of phytomining?

❌ Slow process (plants take time to grow).
❌ Produces CO₂ when plants are burned.

the yield fo extracted metal is lower compared to traditional mining

phytomining relies on soil and climate conditions which may not always be reliable

only works with specific metals and plants

can be expensive

What are the advantages of bioleaching?

✅ Can extract metals from low-grade ores.
✅ Uses less energy than traditional mining.
✅ No large-scale environmental damage like open-cast mining.

What are the disadvantages of bioleaching?

❌ Process is slow.
❌ Can produce toxic chemicals that need to be contained.

lower yield of extracted metal compared to trad. mining

can be expensive

How are metals extracted from solutions in phytomining and bioleaching?

Electrolysis (if the metal is reactive).

• Displacement using a more reactive metal (e.g., scrap iron to extract copper).