Studied by 16 people
Solid
A state of matter that has a fixed shape and a fixed volume, can not flow, the particles are packed closely together, and cannot be easily compressed. It will keep the same volume, even if it changes it's physical form. It has the lowest energy.
Liquid
A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a fixed volume. It has a middle energy. The particles are still strongly attached, but can move past one another. It takes the shape of the container, and cannot be easily compressed.
Gas
A state of matter with no definite shape or volume, the particles are weakly attracted to one another. Has a high energy. It is constantly moving in all directions. It can be compressed.
Can gas be compressed?
There is lots of space between gas molecules. This space allows us to put pressure on gas, and force it in a smaller container.
Yes, gas can be compressed.
Compress
Squish into a smaller space.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Particles
Extremely small units of matter, that are always moving.
The Particle Model
It is a scientific theory that explains the properties of solids, liquids and gases by suggesting that all matter is made of particles, and that those particles behave differently in solids, liquids and gases.
Plasma
One of four fundamental states of matter, characterized by the presence of a significant portion of charged particles in any combination of ions or electrons. It is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the universe, being mostly associated with stars, including the Sun.
Volume
The amount of space an object takes up or occupies
Mass
a measure of the amount of matter an object contains
Water
The only substance, that is found naturally as a solid, a liquid, and a gas
Energy
The ability to do physical things such as move, or change
Heat
Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
Substance
A single kind of matter that is pure and has a specific set of properties, or chemical makeup.
Temperature
A measure of how hot (or cold) something is.
Transferred
Moved from one place to another
Analogy
A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way
Increased energy of particles
Moves faster, and further away from another.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is a measure of how much matter an object has. Weight is a measure of how strongly gravity pulls on that matter.
How does heating a solid differ to heating a liquid?
Heating any substance makes the molecules of that substance move raster. In hot solids, the molecules vibrate faster in their places. In hot liquids, the molecules move faster as they slide and bump past each other.
Temperature when particles stop moving
Absolute zero, -273 degrees Celsius
Contract
To draw together, to reduce in size
Expand
To increase in size or amount
Thermal
Relating to heat
Thermal contraction
A decrease in a material's volume when its temperature decreases
Thermal expansion
An increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased
Boiling point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. The boiling point of water is 100c
Melting Point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. The melting point of water is 0c
Freezing point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid when cooled. The freezing point of water is 0c
Condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid
Evaporation
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
Sublimation
A change directly from the solid to the gas state without becoming liquid
Deposition
Gas to Solid
Boiling
The change at which a liquid changes to a gas
What is the difference between boiling and evaporating?
Evaporation is slower, occurs only from the surface of the liquid, does not produce bubbles, and leads to cooling. Boiling is faster, can occur throughout the liquid, produces lots of bubbles, and does not result in cooling.
Solidification
The change of state from liquid to solid (freezing)
Melting
solid to liquid
Reversible changes
All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another
Irreversible changes
Changes that can't be changed back
What happens when gas particles slow down?
It condenses
Density
Mass per unit volume. The more tightly packed particles are, the higher the density.
Property
Characteristic used to describe something
Highest density
solid.
Lowest density
gas. Lower density substance's have more space between particles.
Mass/volume=
density
What is more dense, ice or water?
Water: due to hydrogen bonding
What is more dense? Hot air or cool air?
Cool air
Density arrangement
Liquids and gases with a lower density, float on top of liquids with a higher density
Accurate
Exactly correct
Gravity
A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses.
Limitation
Some factor that limits or restricts
Phenomenon
A fact or event which can be observed and/or documented
Scientific Model
An idea, a system, or a mathematical expression that represents the idea being explained
How does gravity affect particles?
It can move them to move towards one another.
Metal
Elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current.
What is matter mostly composed of?
Atoms
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