Things I dont get

Sex- ratio evolution

selection favors equal investment in males/ females, if they same cost then they will have a 50:50 ratio, if not it will lean more towards females, equal investment regardless of breeding and survival.

when more males than females in a population what happens?

Their collective fitness is split amongst more females, lowering the average fitness for males and its better to produce female offspring

Size Advantage model

if youre fitter as a sex when young small but fitter as another when old and large, selection will favor the evolutioon of changing sex.

Reefs

start with a certain ratio of females and TP females.remove TP males and females will switch over to the intal ratio

Batemans Principle

that males are more eager to mate because sperm is cheap and eggs are more expensive so choosier, males maximize reproductive success by mating as many times as possible and females maximize by choosing highest quality mate with few large gametes.

Lek polygeny

no resources mates gather at specific site and females compete leading to a high skew

Reasource defence

males defenend reasources and mate with females who come to use them

Harem Defense

defend a group of females , gathereed to share land and reasources for protection

territory defense

males defend territoreis and females visit to use

cyclic parthogenisis

reduces costs of each reproduction type by switiching back and forth

mutational load

the accumulation of deleterious mutations, prokaryotes have a robust dna repair mechnisms preventing this, eukaryotes avoid and reduce this via recombination

Mullers rachet

The idea of why/how mutational load increases, applies to only small asexual populations that drift, class/lineage w/least # of mutations either stays the same or increases steadily

Drift

likelihood of losing an allele from a population is proportional to the frequency in a population, high likelihood of losing lineages w/least # of mutations in drift.

Red queen hypothesis

an ever changing enviorment requires organisms to keep evolving, often coupled with the existance of pathogens to push for an arms race.

monescious

hermaphroditic plants, 90% of flowering plants

hermaphrodites in animals

less than 5% in animals and mahority of them are snails, and fish