Untitled Flashcards Set

Psychiatrist

A medical doctor who can give medication or do surgery to treat mental health problems.

Clinical Psychologist

Has a doctorate (Ph.D. or Psy.D.), does an internship, and passes a test. Uses different kinds of therapy depending on their training.

Marriage and Family Therapist

Has a master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. Focuses on how family or surroundings affect a person’s problems.

Psychoanalyst

Follows Sigmund Freud’s ideas and uses talk therapy to find hidden feelings from the past. May or may not be a medical doctor.

Behavior Therapy

Believes bad habits are learned. The goal is to replace them with better habits using rewards and practice.

Cognitive Therapy

Focuses on changing negative or untrue thoughts that cause problems.

Biological Therapies

Treat mental illness as a problem with the brain, chemicals, or genes. Use medicine, electric shock therapy (ECT), or surgery.

Client-Centered Therapy

The therapist listens and supports without judging. Uses 'active listening' to understand clients.

Systematic Desensitization

Helps people face fears slowly while staying relaxed.

Aversive Conditioning

Links bad behaviors with something unpleasant so the person wants to stop.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Combines changing thoughts with changing behaviors simultaneously.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A treatment for severe depression that uses a small electric current to trigger a seizure in the brain.

Insight Therapies

Help people understand the reasons behind their problems. Those who understand can change their behavior.

Rational Emotive Therapy (Ellis)

Helps people challenge and change irrational beliefs using the A-B-C model: Activating event, Belief about the event, Consequence.

Token Economy

Getting rewards (like points or tokens) for good behavior.

Stimulants

Boost focus and energy and are used for ADHD and sleep disorders.

Client-Centered Therapy

The client leads therapy by choosing what to talk about and how long it lasts.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

Focuses on current relationships and feelings to address present-day problems.

Unconditional Positive Regard

The therapist accepts the client completely, flaws and all.

Humanistic Therapies

Believe everyone has the potential to grow and be happy but life can block that.

Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)

A serious side effect of long-term use of typical antipsychotics that causes involuntary muscle movements.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with movement and emotion. High levels are linked to schizophrenia.

Cognitive Restructuring

Replacing harmful or false thoughts with more realistic and helpful ones.

Deinstitutionalization

The process of closing long-term psychiatric hospitals and moving patients to outpatient care facilities.

Community Psychology

A field focused on preventing and reducing psychological disorders by studying how families and communities affect mental health.