Bone Tissue-lecture

Function of the Skeletal System

support, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, fat storage (yellow marrow), non living matrix, cell scattered

Calcium ions are involved in

muscle contraction, basically everything involves calcium

Cartilage associated with skeleton

Hyaline cartilage (ends of long bones, slippery), Elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage

Bone Shapes

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones (weird shape) Sesamoid (imbedded with tendon), sutural

Parts of the long bones

Epiphysis (articular cartilage (hyaline), spongy bone (inside)) Metaphysis (epiphyseal line/pate) diaphysis (periosteum w/ fibers, compact bone, endosteum)

Flat Bones

Compact, spongy bone, compact (spongy sandwich

Bone Matrix and Chemistry

Calcium 99%, potassium 4%, sodium 35%, magnesium 50%, carbonate 80%, phosphate 88%

Bone Cells (osteocytes)

progenitor cells create osteoblasts, osteoblasts (produce boney matrix) mature into osteocytes (maintain bone), osteoclast secrete acid cocktail and dissolves the bony matrix into your blood (calcium)

Red Marrow

produces blood cells

Yellow marrow

stores fat

Osteons

tube like structures, filled with lamellae

Bone Development 2 routes

Intramembranous ossification produce the roofing of the bones of the skull, Endochondral ossification centers produce the structure of the long bones

No stress =

no osteocyte production

What are the hormones that influence bone growth?

Growth Hormones, Thyroxine, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

Parathyroid and calcitonin regulate

calcium in your blood stream

Osteoporosis

Spongey bone becomes more hollow, weakened bones

Rickets and osteomalacia

Vitamin D deficiency = Low Ca+ = weakened bones = deformities

Paget’s disease

disorganized bones

Bone fracture types

incomplete vs complete, non displaced vs displaced, closed vs open, transverse, spiral, longitudinal. greenstick, commuted, compression

Fracture Repair

Hematoma, fibrocartilage, callus, remodeling

Acromegaly

excess GH after growth plates have closed, facial and hand bones continue to grow

Achondroplasia

abnormal growth of cartilage

Marans Syndrome

excess cartilage growth