Cell Theory/Plant and Animal Cells

Study Guide

List the three parts of cell theory:

• Living things are made of one or more cells

• Cells come from existing cells by cell devision

• An organism’s life functions occur within cells (Cell is the smallest living thing)

Robert Hooke

Views and describes cells

Rudloph Virchow

Says living cells come from other living cells

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoke

He discovered microorganisms

Theodor Schwann

Proposes that all animals are made of cells

Matthias Schleiden

Proposes all plants are made of cells

8 Characteristics of Life

M etabolism

R eproduction

C ells

H omeostasis
E volution

D evelopment and growth

D NA
R esponse to stimuli

Cell wall

Thick rigid layer that surrounds the plant cell and provides structural support and protection.

Cell mebrane

Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds and protects the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance that fill the inside of a cell and contains organelles.

Nucleus

A control center of a cell that contains DNA

Chloroplasts

Captures energy from the sun and converts it into food / energy through photosynthesis.

Vacuoles

Storages organelles in cells that hold materials such as water, nutrients, and waste.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.

Rough ER

A type of ER that has ribosomes on the surface and helps makes protein.

Smooth ER

Makes lipids for the cell.

Golgi apparatus/body

packages and sorts protein and other materials.

Nucleolus

Makes ribosomes for the ER .

Ribosomes

Small structures that float in the cytoplasm or attach to the rough ER.

Lysosomes

Breaks down waste materials and old cell parts.

Centrioles

Involved in cell division. They move chromosomes when a cell is getting ready to divide.